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M2 2025 June A Q4

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 June A Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4.

The combined mass of a cyclist and her cycle is 70 kg70\,\mathrm{kg}.

The cyclist travels on a straight horizontal road with constant acceleration 0.4 m s−20.4\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}

The resistance to the motion is modelled as a constant force of magnitude 30 N30\,\mathrm{N}.

(a) Using this model, find the rate at which the cyclist is working, at the instant when her speed is 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

(4)

The cyclist travels in a straight line down a hill from a point AA to a point BB, where AB=250 mAB=250\,\mathrm{m}

  • at the instant she passes AA, her speed is 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} and she stops pedalling
  • at the instant she passes BB, her speed is 8 m s−18\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}
  • the resistance to the motion is modelled as a constant force of magnitude 30 N30\,\mathrm{N}

(b) Use this model with the work-energy principle to find the change in vertical height from AA to BB.

(5)

The cyclist travels up a hill from a point CC to a point DD, where CD=200 mCD=200\,\mathrm{m}.

  • she travels from CC to DD with constant speed, 8 m s−18\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}
  • she travels in a straight line at 5∘5^\circ to the horizontal
  • the resistance to the motion from non-gravitational forces is modelled as a constant force of magnitude 30 N30\,\mathrm{N}

(c) Use this model to find the total work done by the cyclist as she moves from CC to DD.

(3)
题目中文翻译

骑车人与自行车的总质量为 70 kg70\,\mathrm{kg}。

骑车人沿水平直路行驶,加速度恒为 0.4 m s−20.4\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

将运动阻力视为大小为 30 N30\,\mathrm{N} 的恒力。

(a) 利用此模型,求她的速率为 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 的瞬间的做功功率。

(4)

骑车人沿直线从 AA 点下坡至 BB 点,其中 AB=250 mAB=250\,\mathrm{m}。

  • 她经过 AA 的瞬间的速率为 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},并停止踩踏;
  • 她经过 BB 的瞬间的速率为 8 m s−18\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}};
  • 将运动阻力视为大小为 30 N30\,\mathrm{N} 的恒力。

(b) 利用此模型及功—能原理,求从 AA 到 BB 的竖直高度变化。

(5)

骑车人从 CC 点上坡至 DD 点,其中 CD=200 mCD=200\,\mathrm{m}。

  • 她从 CC 到 DD 以恒定速率 8 m s−18\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 行驶;
  • 她沿与水平面成 5∘5^\circ 角的直线行驶;
  • 将非重力运动阻力视为大小为 30 N30\,\mathrm{N} 的恒力。

(c) 利用此模型,求骑车人从 CC 到 DD 所做的总功。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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加速时驱动力要同时克服阻力并提供合力。求出瞬时驱动力后用功率等于力乘速度。

答题过程

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Let the driving force be FF N. Newton’s second law along the horizontal road gives

F−30=70(0.4),F=58.F-30=70(0.4),\qquad F=58.

At speed 5 m s−15\text{ m s}^{-1} the rate of working is

P=Fv=58(5)=290 W.P=Fv=58(5)=\boxed{290\text{ W}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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停止踩踏后没有驱动功。重力做正功,阻力做负功,两者之和等于动能增加;注意 250 米是坡长。

答题过程

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Let hh m be the vertical drop from AA to BB. By the work–energy principle,

70gh−30(250)=12(70)(82−52).70gh-30(250)=\frac12(70)(8^2-5^2).

Hence

h=7500+136570(9.8)=12.9227….h=\frac{7500+1365}{70(9.8)}=12.9227\ldots.

The vertical height therefore decreases by 12.9 m\boxed{\text{decreases by }12.9\text{ m}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

上坡匀速,动能不变。人所做的功用于增加重力势能及克服非重力阻力。

答题过程

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The vertical rise is 200sin⁡5∘200\sin5^\circ m. Since the speed is constant, the work done by the cyclist is

E=70g(200sin⁡5∘)+30(200).E=70g(200\sin5^\circ)+30(200).

Thus

E=17957.7679… J=1.80×104 J(3 s.f.).E=17957.7679\ldots\text{ J}=\boxed{1.80\times10^4\text{ J}}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).