Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

M2 2025 June A Q5

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 June A Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5.

A particle PP of mass 0.5 kg0.5\,\mathrm{kg} is moving with velocity 6i m s−16\mathbf{i}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} in the xyxy plane.

The particle receives an impulse (ai+bj) N s(a\mathbf{i}+b\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{N\,s}, where aa and bb are constants.

As a result of the impulse, the direction of motion of PP is deflected through 45∘45^\circ

The impulse has magnitude 322 N s\frac{3\sqrt2}{2}\,\mathrm{N\,s}.

Find the two possible impulses, giving your answers in terms of i\mathbf{i} and j\mathbf{j}.

(8)
题目中文翻译

质量为 0.5 kg0.5\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点 PP 在 xyxy 平面内以速度 6i m s−16\mathbf{i}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 运动。

质点受到冲量 (ai+bj) N s(a\mathbf{i}+b\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{N\,s},其中 aa、bb 为常数。

冲量使 PP 的运动方向偏转 45∘45^\circ。

冲量大小为 322 N s\frac{3\sqrt2}{2}\,\mathrm{N\,s}。

求两个可能的冲量,用 i\mathbf{i} 和 j\mathbf{j} 表示答案。

(8)

解答

解法一

思路

展开

偏转 45° 可以在初方向的上方或下方,因此末速度的两个分量大小相等,水平分量为正。用冲量等于动量变化,再用已知冲量大小求末速度。

答题过程

展开

Since the initial direction is the positive xx direction, write the final velocity as

v=λi±λj,λ>0.\boldsymbol v=\lambda\boldsymbol i\pm\lambda\boldsymbol j,\qquad \lambda>0.

The two signs represent deflections through 45∘45^\circ above or below the initial direction. The impulse is

I=12(v−6i)=(λ2−3)i±λ2j.\boldsymbol I=\frac12(\boldsymbol v-6\boldsymbol i)=\left(\frac\lambda2-3\right)\boldsymbol i\pm\frac\lambda2\boldsymbol j.

Using its magnitude,

(λ2−3)2+(λ2)2=(322)2,\left(\frac\lambda2-3\right)^2+\left(\frac\lambda2\right)^2=\left(\frac{3\sqrt2}{2}\right)^2, λ22−3λ+9=92,\frac{\lambda^2}{2}-3\lambda+9=\frac92, λ2−6λ+9=0,(λ−3)2=0.\lambda^2-6\lambda+9=0,\qquad (\lambda-3)^2=0.

Thus λ=3\lambda=3, and the two possible impulses are

(−32i+32j) N sand(−32i−32j) N s.\boxed{\left(-\frac32\boldsymbol i+\frac32\boldsymbol j\right)\text{ N s}}\quad\text{and}\quad\boxed{\left(-\frac32\boldsymbol i-\frac32\boldsymbol j\right)\text{ N s}}.