题目
7.
Three particles, , and , lie at rest on a smooth horizontal surface.
The particles are in a straight line with between and , as shown in Figure 3.
The mass of is , the mass of is and the mass of is .
The coefficient of restitution between each pair of particles is .
Particle is projected with speed towards and they collide.
(a) Show that the speed of immediately after the collision is
In the collision, the direction of motion of is reversed.
(b) Find the full range of possible values of .
In the collision, the magnitude of the impulse exerted on by is
(c) Show that
(d) Determine, with clear reasoning, whether there will be a second collision between and .
题目中文翻译
质点 、、 均静止在光滑水平面上。
如图 3 所示,三个质点共线, 位于 与 之间。
的质量为 , 的质量为 , 的质量为 。
每对质点之间的恢复系数均为 。
将质点 以速率 向 发射,两者发生碰撞。
(a) 证明碰撞后瞬间 的速率为
碰撞使 的运动方向反转。
(b) 求 的完整可能取值范围。
碰撞中 对 施加的冲量大小为 。
(c) 证明 。
(d) 判断 、 是否会发生第二次碰撞,并给出清楚的推理。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用 P 最初运动方向为正,设第一次碰后两粒子的有符号速度。动量守恒与恢复定律联立,避免先假设 P 的方向。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of as positive. Let its velocity after the first collision be , and let the velocity of be . Conservation of momentum gives
Newton’s law of restitution gives
Substituting,
This is positive, so it is also the speed of .
(b)
解法一
思路
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反向运动要求 P 的有符号速度严格小于零,而不是小于等于零;再与恢复系数的物理范围取交集。
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From part (a),
For the direction of to be reversed, , so . Also for a coefficient of restitution. Therefore
(c)
解法一
思路
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Q 初始静止,第一次所受冲量等于其末动量。代入 a 的结果求恢复系数。
答题过程
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The impulse on is in its direction of motion. Since is initially at rest,
Using part (a),
(d)
解法一
思路
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先算 Q 与 R 碰后 Q 的速度,再与仍向左运动的 P 比较。要说明碰撞后的相对位置及追赶方向,不能只比较两个速度大小。
答题过程
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With , after the first collision,
Thus moves left while moves right and collides with the initially stationary . Let the signed velocities of and after their collision be and , with right positive. Conservation of momentum gives
Restitution gives
Eliminating ,
Also . After this collision, is to the right of , but both move left. Their leftward speeds are
Since is behind in their direction of motion and is faster by , it catches . Therefore .