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M2 2025 June Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

A particle PP moves along the xx-axis. At time t=0t=0, PP is at rest at the origin OO. At time tt seconds, t⩾0t\geqslant0, the acceleration of PP, in the positive xx direction, is

k(3−t2) m s−2k(3-t^2)\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}

where kk is a positive constant.

Given that when t=1.5t=1.5, the speed of PP is 13.5 m s−113.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

(a) show that k=4k=4

(3)

The displacement of PP from OO is ss metres in the positive xx direction.

(b) Show that

s=13t2(18−t2)s=\frac13t^2(18-t^2)
(2)

(c) Find the total distance that PP moves before it returns to OO.

(4)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示所有计算步骤。 不接受依赖计算器技术的解法。

质点 PP 沿 xx 轴运动。 在 t=0t=0 时,PP 静止于原点 OO。 在 tt 秒时,t⩾0t\geqslant0,PP 沿 xx 轴正方向的加速度为

k(3−t2) m s−2k(3-t^2)\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}

其中 kk 为正常数。

已知当 t=1.5t=1.5 时,PP 的速率为 13.5 m s−113.5\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},

(a) 证明 k=4k=4。

(3)

PP 相对于 OO 沿 xx 轴正方向的位移为 ss 米。

(b) 证明

s=13t2(18−t2)s=\frac13t^2(18-t^2)
(2)

(c) 求 PP 返回 OO 之前运动的总路程。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先对加速度积分,并用初始静止确定常数。速率条件代入前要确认此时速度为正;用分数展示手算,不依赖计算器求参数。

答题过程

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Integrating the acceleration,

v=∫k(3−t2) dt=k(3t−13t3)+C.v=\int k(3-t^2)\,\mathrm{d}t=k\left(3t-\frac13t^3\right)+C.

Since v=0v=0 at t=0t=0, C=0C=0.

At t=3/2t=3/2,

3t−13t3=92−13278=36−98=278>0.3t-\frac13t^3=\frac92-\frac13\frac{27}{8}=\frac{36-9}{8}=\frac{27}{8}>0.

As k>0k>0, the velocity is positive, so the given speed 13.5=27/213.5=27/2 is also the velocity. Hence

278k=272,\frac{27}{8}k=\frac{27}{2},

and therefore

k=4.\boxed{k=4}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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位移是速度的积分。继续使用初始位置为原点确定第二个积分常数,再将结果因式分解为题目要求的形式。

答题过程

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Using (a),

v=12t−43t3.v=12t-\frac43t^3.

Integrating,

s=∫(12t−43t3) dt=6t2−13t4+D.s=\int\left(12t-\frac43t^3\right)\,\mathrm{d}t=6t^2-\frac13t^4+D.

At t=0t=0, s=0s=0, so D=0D=0. Thus

s=6t2−13t4,s=6t^2-\frac13t^4,

and factorising gives

s=13t2(18−t2).\boxed{s=\frac13t^2(18-t^2)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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先由速度为零找转向点,再由位移为零确认首次返回时间。路程是向外到转向点的距离加返回原点的距离,不能用总位移零作答案。

答题过程

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The velocity is

v=12t−43t3=43t(9−t2).v=12t-\frac43t^3=\frac43t(9-t^2).

For t>0t>0, v=0v=0 gives t=3t=3. The velocity is positive before t=3t=3 and negative afterwards.

The positive return time follows from (b):

s=0⟹18−t2=0,s=0\quad\Longrightarrow\quad18-t^2=0,

so t=32>3t=3\sqrt2>3. Hence the particle reverses once before its first return.

At the turning point,

s(3)=13(9)(18−9)=27 m.s(3)=\frac13(9)(18-9)=27\text{ m}.

It travels 27 m outwards and 27 m back to OO, so the total distance is

54 m.\boxed{54\text{ m}}.