题目
4.
A rough plane is inclined to the horizontal at an angle , where
A car of mass moves up a line of greatest slope of the plane. The total resistance to the motion of the car from non-gravitational forces is . The engine of the car is working at a constant rate of .
(a) Find the constant speed, in , at which the car could move up the slope.
(b) Find the acceleration of the car at the instant when it is moving up the slope at
At this instant, the car is at the point and the engine of the car is switched off.
The total resistance to the motion of the car from non-gravitational forces remains at .
Using the work-energy principle,
(c) find how far up the slope from the car would travel before coming to rest.
题目中文翻译
一个粗糙平面与水平面成 角,其中 。
质量为 的汽车沿平面的一条最大坡度线向上行驶。汽车所受的非重力总运动阻力为 。汽车发动机以恒定功率 工作。
(a) 求汽车能沿斜坡向上行驶的恒定速率,单位为 。
(b) 求汽车以速率 沿斜坡向上行驶的瞬间的加速度。
该瞬间,汽车位于 点,发动机被关闭。
汽车所受的非重力总运动阻力仍为 。
利用功—能原理,
(c) 求汽车从 点继续沿斜坡向上行驶直至静止的距离。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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恒速上坡时合力为零。将功率换为瓦,牵引力等于沿坡重力分量加非重力阻力。
答题过程
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At constant speed , the acceleration is zero. The driving force is N, so resolving up the slope gives
With and ,
Therefore
(b)
解法一
思路
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功率不变,但速率降为 时牵引力变大。不能沿用上一问的零加速度。
答题过程
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At speed 10 m s the driving force is
Resolving up the slope,
Thus
so
(c)
解法一
思路
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发动机关闭时的初速是 。按功—能,初动能转化为势能增加与阻力功;所求沿坡路程不是竖直上升高度。
答题过程
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Let the distance travelled up the slope after switch-off be . The car starts this part at speed 10 m s and finishes at rest.
By the work-energy principle,
Substituting,
Hence