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M2 2025 June Q4

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4.

A rough plane is inclined to the horizontal at an angle α\alpha, where sin⁡α=17\sin\alpha=\frac17

A car of mass 750 kg750\,\mathrm{kg} moves up a line of greatest slope of the plane. The total resistance to the motion of the car from non-gravitational forces is 200 N200\,\mathrm{N}. The engine of the car is working at a constant rate of 20 kW20\,\mathrm{kW}.

(a) Find the constant speed, in m s−1\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}, at which the car could move up the slope.

(4)

(b) Find the acceleration of the car at the instant when it is moving up the slope at 10 m s−110\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

(4)

At this instant, the car is at the point AA and the engine of the car is switched off.

The total resistance to the motion of the car from non-gravitational forces remains at 200 N200\,\mathrm{N}.

Using the work-energy principle,

(c) find how far up the slope from AA the car would travel before coming to rest.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一个粗糙平面与水平面成 α\alpha 角,其中 sin⁡α=17\sin\alpha=\frac17。

质量为 750 kg750\,\mathrm{kg} 的汽车沿平面的一条最大坡度线向上行驶。汽车所受的非重力总运动阻力为 200 N200\,\mathrm{N}。汽车发动机以恒定功率 20 kW20\,\mathrm{kW} 工作。

(a) 求汽车能沿斜坡向上行驶的恒定速率,单位为 m s−1\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

(4)

(b) 求汽车以速率 10 m s−110\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 沿斜坡向上行驶的瞬间的加速度。

(4)

该瞬间,汽车位于 AA 点,发动机被关闭。

汽车所受的非重力总运动阻力仍为 200 N200\,\mathrm{N}。

利用功—能原理,

(c) 求汽车从 AA 点继续沿斜坡向上行驶直至静止的距离。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

恒速上坡时合力为零。将功率换为瓦,牵引力等于沿坡重力分量加非重力阻力。

答题过程

展开

At constant speed VV, the acceleration is zero. The driving force is 20000/V20000/V N, so resolving up the slope gives

20000V−750gsin⁡α−200=0.\frac{20000}{V}-750g\sin\alpha-200=0.

With sin⁡α=1/7\sin\alpha=1/7 and g=9.8g=9.8,

20000V=750(9.8)17+200=1250.\frac{20000}{V}=750(9.8)\frac17+200=1250.

Therefore

V=16 m s−1.\boxed{V=16\text{ m s}^{-1}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

功率不变,但速率降为 1010 时牵引力变大。不能沿用上一问的零加速度。

答题过程

展开

At speed 10 m s−1^{-1} the driving force is

F=2000010=2000 N.F=\frac{20000}{10}=2000\text{ N}.

Resolving up the slope,

2000−750gsin⁡α−200=750a.2000-750g\sin\alpha-200=750a.

Thus

2000−1050−200=750a,2000-1050-200=750a,

so

a=1.0 m s−2 up the slope.\boxed{a=1.0\text{ m s}^{-2}\text{ up the slope}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

发动机关闭时的初速是 1010。按功—能,初动能转化为势能增加与阻力功;所求沿坡路程不是竖直上升高度。

答题过程

展开

Let the distance travelled up the slope after switch-off be dd. The car starts this part at speed 10 m s−1^{-1} and finishes at rest.

By the work-energy principle,

12(750)(10)2=750g(dsin⁡α)+200d.\frac12(750)(10)^2=750g(d\sin\alpha)+200d.

Substituting,

37500=750(9.8)17d+200d=1250d.37500=750(9.8)\frac17d+200d=1250d.

Hence

d=30 m.\boxed{d=30\text{ m}}.