题目
Problem
6.
A uniform rod AB, of mass m and length 2a, has its end A on a rough horizontal floor.
A smooth horizontal rail is fixed above the floor.
The rod rests in equilibrium against the rail at the point C, where AC=1.5a.
The vertical plane containing the rod is at right angles to the rail.
The rod is inclined to the floor at an angle θ, as shown in Figure 2.
The magnitude of the normal reaction exerted on the rod at C is S.
(a) Show that S=32mgcosθ
(3)
The magnitude of the vertical component of the force exerted on the rod at A is V.
(b) Show that V=3mg(3−2cos2θ)
(3)
Given that the rod is in limiting equilibrium and the coefficient of friction between the rod and the floor is 74
(c) show that
ptan2θ+qtanθ+r=0
where p, q and r are integers to be found.
(6)
题目中文翻译
质量为 m、长为 2a 的均匀杆 AB,其 A 端位于粗糙水平地面上。
一条光滑水平横杆固定于地面上方。
杆 AB 在 C 点靠在横杆上并处于平衡状态,其中 AC=1.5a。
包含杆 AB 的竖直平面垂直于横杆。
如图 2 所示,杆 AB 与地面成 θ 角。
C 点处施加于杆 AB 的法向反作用力大小为 S。
(a) 证明 S=32mgcosθ。
(3)
A 点处施加于杆 AB 的力的竖直分量大小为 V。
(b) 证明 V=3mg(3−2cos2θ)。
(3)
已知杆处于极限平衡状态,杆与地面之间的摩擦系数为 74,
(c) 证明
ptan2θ+qtanθ+r=0
其中 p、q、r 为待求的整数。
(6)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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光滑横杆施加的反力垂直于杆 AB,因此对 A 的力臂是 AC。均匀杆重作用于中点,对应水平力臂 acosθ。
答题过程
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The reaction S at the smooth rail is perpendicular to the rod. The weight mg acts at the midpoint, a distance a from A.
Taking moments about A,
S(1.5a)=mg(acosθ).
Dividing by 1.5a gives
S=32mgcosθ.
(b)
解法一
思路
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地面竖直支持力与横杆反力的竖直分量共同平衡重力。代入上一问后提取 mg/3,证明指定形式。
答题过程
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The upward vertical component of the rail reaction is Scosθ. Vertical equilibrium gives
V+Scosθ=mg.
Hence, using (a),
V=mg−32mgcosθcosθ.
Therefore
V=3mg(3−2cos2θ).
(c)
解法一
思路
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地面极限摩擦为 4V/7,水平平衡给它等于 Ssinθ。代入后除以正的 cos2θ,再用恒等式把所有项化成正切,逐步求整数系数。
答题过程
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Let the friction at A be F, acting to the right. In limiting equilibrium,
F=74V.
Horizontal equilibrium gives
F=Ssinθ.
Substituting (a) and (b),
743mg(3−2cos2θ)=32mgcosθsinθ.
Cancelling mg/3 and multiplying by 7,
4(3−2cos2θ)=14sinθcosθ.
Since 0<θ<90∘, cos2θ>0. Dividing by cos2θ gives
12sec2θ−8=14tanθ.
Using sec2θ=1+tan2θ,
12(1+tan2θ)−8=14tanθ.
Thus
12tan2θ−14tanθ+4=0,
and dividing by 2 gives
6tan2θ−7tanθ+2=0.
Hence one choice of integer coefficients is
p=6,q=−7,r=2.