Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

M2 2025 June Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

A uniform rod ABAB, of mass mm and length 2a2a, has its end AA on a rough horizontal floor.

A smooth horizontal rail is fixed above the floor.

The rod rests in equilibrium against the rail at the point CC, where AC=1.5aAC=1.5a.

The vertical plane containing the rod is at right angles to the rail.

The rod is inclined to the floor at an angle θ\theta, as shown in Figure 2.

The magnitude of the normal reaction exerted on the rod at CC is SS.

(a) Show that S=2mgcos⁡θ3S=\frac{2mg\cos\theta}{3}

(3)

The magnitude of the vertical component of the force exerted on the rod at AA is VV.

(b) Show that V=mg3(3−2cos⁡2θ)V=\frac{mg}{3}(3-2\cos^2\theta)

(3)

Given that the rod is in limiting equilibrium and the coefficient of friction between the rod and the floor is 47\frac47

(c) show that

ptan⁡2θ+qtan⁡θ+r=0p\tan^2\theta+q\tan\theta+r=0

where pp, qq and rr are integers to be found.

(6)
题目中文翻译

质量为 mm、长为 2a2a 的均匀杆 ABAB,其 AA 端位于粗糙水平地面上。

一条光滑水平横杆固定于地面上方。

杆 ABAB 在 CC 点靠在横杆上并处于平衡状态,其中 AC=1.5aAC=1.5a。

包含杆 ABAB 的竖直平面垂直于横杆。

如图 2 所示,杆 ABAB 与地面成 θ\theta 角。

CC 点处施加于杆 ABAB 的法向反作用力大小为 SS。

(a) 证明 S=2mgcos⁡θ3S=\frac{2mg\cos\theta}{3}。

(3)

AA 点处施加于杆 ABAB 的力的竖直分量大小为 VV。

(b) 证明 V=mg3(3−2cos⁡2θ)V=\frac{mg}{3}(3-2\cos^2\theta)。

(3)

已知杆处于极限平衡状态,杆与地面之间的摩擦系数为 47\frac47,

(c) 证明

ptan⁡2θ+qtan⁡θ+r=0p\tan^2\theta+q\tan\theta+r=0

其中 pp、qq、rr 为待求的整数。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

光滑横杆施加的反力垂直于杆 ABAB,因此对 AA 的力臂是 ACAC。均匀杆重作用于中点,对应水平力臂 acos⁡θa\cos\theta。

答题过程

展开

The reaction SS at the smooth rail is perpendicular to the rod. The weight mgmg acts at the midpoint, a distance aa from AA.

Taking moments about AA,

S(1.5a)=mg(acos⁡θ).S(1.5a)=mg(a\cos\theta).

Dividing by 1.5a1.5a gives

S=2mgcos⁡θ3.\boxed{S=\frac{2mg\cos\theta}{3}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

地面竖直支持力与横杆反力的竖直分量共同平衡重力。代入上一问后提取 mg/3mg/3,证明指定形式。

答题过程

展开

The upward vertical component of the rail reaction is Scos⁡θS\cos\theta. Vertical equilibrium gives

V+Scos⁡θ=mg.V+S\cos\theta=mg.

Hence, using (a),

V=mg−2mgcos⁡θ3cos⁡θ.V=mg-\frac{2mg\cos\theta}{3}\cos\theta.

Therefore

V=mg3(3−2cos⁡2θ).\boxed{V=\frac{mg}{3}(3-2\cos^2\theta)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

地面极限摩擦为 4V/74V/7,水平平衡给它等于 Ssin⁡θS\sin\theta。代入后除以正的 cos⁡2θ\cos^2\theta,再用恒等式把所有项化成正切,逐步求整数系数。

答题过程

展开

Let the friction at AA be FF, acting to the right. In limiting equilibrium,

F=47V.F=\frac47V.

Horizontal equilibrium gives

F=Ssin⁡θ.F=S\sin\theta.

Substituting (a) and (b),

47mg3(3−2cos⁡2θ)=2mgcos⁡θ3sin⁡θ.\frac47\frac{mg}{3}(3-2\cos^2\theta)=\frac{2mg\cos\theta}{3}\sin\theta.

Cancelling mg/3mg/3 and multiplying by 7,

4(3−2cos⁡2θ)=14sin⁡θcos⁡θ.4(3-2\cos^2\theta)=14\sin\theta\cos\theta.

Since 0<θ<90∘0<\theta<90^\circ, cos⁡2θ>0\cos^2\theta>0. Dividing by cos⁡2θ\cos^2\theta gives

12sec⁡2θ−8=14tan⁡θ.12\sec^2\theta-8=14\tan\theta.

Using sec⁡2θ=1+tan⁡2θ\sec^2\theta=1+\tan^2\theta,

12(1+tan⁡2θ)−8=14tan⁡θ.12(1+\tan^2\theta)-8=14\tan\theta.

Thus

12tan⁡2θ−14tan⁡θ+4=0,12\tan^2\theta-14\tan\theta+4=0,

and dividing by 2 gives

6tan⁡2θ−7tan⁡θ+2=0.\boxed{6\tan^2\theta-7\tan\theta+2=0}.

Hence one choice of integer coefficients is

p=6,q=−7,r=2.\boxed{p=6,\qquad q=-7,\qquad r=2}.