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M2 2025 June Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

A small stone is projected from a point OO on horizontal ground.

The stone is projected with speed 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} at an angle α\alpha to the ground.

When the stone is 11 m11\,\mathrm{m} above the ground

  • the vertical velocity component of the stone has magnitude V m s−1V\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}
  • the horizontal velocity component of the stone has magnitude 2V m s−12V\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

In a model of the motion

  • the stone is modelled as a particle moving freely under gravity
  • the acceleration due to gravity is modelled as being 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}

Using the model and the principle of conservation of mechanical energy,

(a) show that V=6V=6

(4)

Figure 3 shows a plane fixed to the ground at an angle of 60∘60^\circ

The stone hits this plane at the point AA.

The direction of the motion of the stone is perpendicular to the plane at the instant the stone hits AA.

Using the model,

(b) find the height of AA above the ground, giving your answer to 2 significant figures.

(6)
题目中文翻译

从水平地面上的 OO 点抛出一颗小石子。

石子以速率 20 m s−120\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}、与地面成 α\alpha 角抛出。

当石子离地面 11 m11\,\mathrm{m} 时:

  • 石子的竖直速度分量大小为 V m s−1V\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}};
  • 石子的水平速度分量大小为 2V m s−12V\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

在此运动模型中:

  • 将石子视为仅受重力作用而自由运动的质点;
  • 将重力加速度取为 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

利用此模型及机械能守恒原理,

(a) 证明 V=6V=6。

(4)

图 3 所示的平面固定于地面上,与地面成 60∘60^\circ 角。

石子在 AA 点撞上此平面。

石子撞上 AA 的瞬间,其运动方向垂直于该平面。

利用此模型,

(b) 求 AA 离地面的高度,答案保留 2 位有效数字。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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本题明确取 g=10g=10,并指定机械能方法。高度 1111 时总速率平方为两个分量平方之和 5V25V^2,不能只用竖直分量。

答题过程

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Use g=10g=10 m s−2^{-2} as specified. Let the mass of the stone be mm.

At height 11 m, its speed squared is

v2=V2+(2V)2=5V2.v^2=V^2+(2V)^2=5V^2.

Conservation of mechanical energy between OO and this point gives

12m(20)2=12m(5V2)+mg(11).\frac12m(20)^2=\frac12m(5V^2)+mg(11).

Cancelling mm and multiplying by 2,

400=5V2+2(10)(11).400=5V^2+2(10)(11).

Thus

5V2=180,V2=36.5V^2=180,\qquad V^2=36.

Since VV is a magnitude,

V=6.\boxed{V=6}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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水平速度恒为 1212。撞击时速度垂直于 60∘60^\circ 斜面,即向下与水平成 30∘30^\circ,先求总速率,再用能量求高度。最后必须按题目保留两位有效数字。

答题过程

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From (a), the horizontal velocity remains 2V=122V=12 m s−1^{-1}.

At AA, the velocity is perpendicular to the plane, so it is directed 30∘30^\circ below the horizontal. If the speed there is SS,

Scos⁡30∘=12.S\cos30^\circ=12.

Hence

S=123/2=83 m s−1.S=\frac{12}{\sqrt3/2}=8\sqrt3\text{ m s}^{-1}.

Let the height of AA be HH. Conservation of mechanical energy gives

12m(20)2=12mS2+mgH.\frac12m(20)^2=\frac12mS^2+mgH.

Using g=10g=10,

400=192+20H,400=192+20H,

so H=10.4H=10.4 m. To 2 significant figures,

H=10 m(2 s.f.).\boxed{H=10\text{ m}\quad(2\text{ s.f.})}.

解法二

思路

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也可用撞击时的竖直速度及竖直运动方程。由初速与水平分量求初竖直速度,撞击时取负的竖直分量以说明下降方向。

答题过程

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The horizontal component is 12 m s−1^{-1}, so the initial upward vertical component is

uy=202−122=16 m s−1.u_y=\sqrt{20^2-12^2}=16\text{ m s}^{-1}.

At impact, perpendicularity to the 60∘60^\circ plane gives a velocity direction 30∘30^\circ below the horizontal. Thus

vy=−12tan⁡30∘=−43 m s−1.v_y=-12\tan30^\circ=-4\sqrt3\text{ m s}^{-1}.

Using vertical motion from ground level,

vy2=uy2−2gH.v_y^2=u_y^2-2gH.

With g=10g=10,

(−43)2=162−20H,(-4\sqrt3)^2=16^2-20H, 48=256−20H.48=256-20H.

Hence H=10.4H=10.4 m, and to 2 significant figures,

H=10 m(2 s.f.).\boxed{H=10\text{ m}\quad(2\text{ s.f.})}.