题目
Problem
6.
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.
A particle P moves on the x-axis.
At time t seconds, t⩾0
- the acceleration of P is (2t−3)ms−2 in the positive x direction
- the velocity of P is vms−1 in the positive x direction
When t=3, v=2
(a) Find v in terms of t.
(4)
The particle first comes to instantaneous rest at the point A and then comes to instantaneous rest again at the point B.
(b) Find the distance AB.
(6)
题目中文翻译
本题必须展示所有计算步骤。
不接受依赖计算器技术的解法。
质点 P 沿 x 轴运动。
在 t 秒时,t⩾0,
- P 沿 x 轴正方向的加速度为 (2t−3)ms−2;
- P 沿 x 轴正方向的速度为 vms−1。
当 t=3 时,v=2。
(a) 用 t 表示 v。
(4)
质点首次瞬时静止于 A 点,随后再次瞬时静止于 B 点。
(b) 求距离 AB。
(6)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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对加速度积分,利用 t=3 时的速度确定积分常数,不能默认初速度为零。
答题过程
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Since a=dv/dt=2t−3,
v=∫(2t−3)dt=t2−3t+C.
Using v=2 at t=3,
2=9−9+C,C=2.
Therefore
v=t2−3t+2.
(b)
解法一
思路
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先求两次静止的时刻。两时刻之间速度为负,定积分给的是负位移,距离需取正值;必须展示积分上下限的代入。
答题过程
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At rest,
t2−3t+2=(t−1)(t−2)=0.
Thus the first and second rest times are t=1 and t=2. For 1<t<2, v<0, so the particle moves in one direction from A to B.
Its displacement from A to B is
s=∫12(t2−3t+2)dt=[3t3−23t2+2t]12,
s=(38−6+4)−(31−23+2)=32−65=−61 m.
Therefore the distance is
AB=61 m.