题目
1.
A car of mass is towing a trailer of mass along a straight horizontal road.
The trailer is attached to the car by a towbar, as shown in Figure 1.
The towbar is parallel to the direction of motion of the car and the trailer.
The towbar is modelled as a light rod.
The resistance to the motion of the car is modelled as a constant force of magnitude .
The resistance to the motion of the trailer is modelled as a constant force of magnitude .
The engine of the car is working at a constant rate of .
At the instant when the car and the trailer are moving with speed , the acceleration of the car is and the tension in the towbar is newtons.
Using the model,
(a) find the value of ,
(b) find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车沿水平直路牵引一辆质量为 的拖车。
如图 1 所示,拖车通过牵引杆与汽车连接。
牵引杆平行于汽车及拖车的运动方向。
将牵引杆视为轻杆。
将汽车的运动阻力视为大小为 的恒力。
将拖车的运动阻力视为大小为 的恒力。
汽车发动机以恒定功率 工作。
汽车与拖车的速率为 的瞬间,汽车的加速度为 ,牵引杆中的张力为 牛顿。
利用此模型,
(a) 求 的值;
(b) 求 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先把功率除以瞬时速率得到驱动力。把汽车和拖车看成整体,牵引杆张力为内力,不出现在整体运动方程中。
答题过程
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At speed , the driving force is
Taking the direction of motion as positive, Newton’s second law for the car and trailer together gives
Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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单独考虑拖车,向前的张力减去拖车阻力,等于拖车质量乘共同加速度。
答题过程
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For the trailer alone,
Hence