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M2 2025 Oct Q4

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 Oct Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4.

In this question you may assume, without proof, that the distance of the centre of mass of a uniform semicircular lamina of radius rr from its diameter is 4r3π\dfrac{4r}{3\pi}

The uniform lamina ABDEABDE is a rectangle with AB=2aAB=2a and AE=8aAE=8a.

The uniform lamina BCDBCD is a semicircle with diameter BD=8aBD=8a.

The points PP and RR lie on BDBD with BP=RD=2aBP=RD=2a.

The uniform lamina PQRPQR is a semicircle with diameter PR=4aPR=4a.

The mass per unit area of the lamina ABDEABDE is equal to the mass per unit area of the lamina BCDBCD.

The uniform template ABCDEABCDE, shown shaded in Figure 2, is formed by joining the lamina ABDEABDE to the lamina BCDBCD and removing the lamina PQRPQR.

The distance of the centre of mass of the template from BDBD is dd.

(a) Show that d=32a3(8+3π)d=\dfrac{32a}{3(8+3\pi)}

(5)

The template is free to rotate in a vertical plane about a smooth horizontal axis through BB and hangs freely in equilibrium with BDBD at an angle ϕ∘\phi^\circ to the downward vertical.

(b) Find the value of ϕ\phi.

(3)

The weight of the template is 15W15W. A particle of weight kWkW is attached to the template at EE.

The template is again free to rotate in a vertical plane about a smooth horizontal axis through BB. The template is held in equilibrium, with BDBD vertical, by a horizontal force of magnitude WW which is applied to the template at EE and acts towards DD.

(c) Find the value of kk.

(4)
题目中文翻译

本题可直接假设:半径为 rr 的均匀半圆形薄片的质心到其直径的距离为 4r3π\dfrac{4r}{3\pi},无须证明。

均匀薄片 ABDEABDE 是矩形,AB=2aAB=2a,AE=8aAE=8a。

均匀薄片 BCDBCD 是半圆,直径 BD=8aBD=8a。

点 PP、RR 位于 BDBD 上,且 BP=RD=2aBP=RD=2a。

均匀薄片 PQRPQR 是半圆,直径 PR=4aPR=4a。

薄片 ABDEABDE 的单位面积质量与薄片 BCDBCD 的单位面积质量相同。

将薄片 ABDEABDE 与薄片 BCDBCD 连接,再挖去薄片 PQRPQR,形成图 2 阴影所示的均匀模板 ABCDEABCDE。

模板质心到 BDBD 的距离为 dd。

(a) 证明 d=32a3(8+3π)d=\dfrac{32a}{3(8+3\pi)}。

(5)

模板可绕过 BB 的光滑水平轴在竖直平面内自由转动,自由悬挂平衡时,BDBD 与竖直向下方向成 ϕ∘\phi^\circ 角。

(b) 求 ϕ\phi 的值。

(3)

模板的重量为 15W15W。一个重为 kWkW 的质点连接于模板的 EE 点。

模板再次可绕过 BB 的光滑水平轴在竖直平面内自由转动。在 EE 点对模板施加大小为 WW、指向 DD 的水平力,使模板平衡,且 BDBD 竖直。

(c) 求 kk 的值。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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以 BD 为参考轴向右为正。矩形在左侧,因此其质心坐标为负;洞要用负面积。上下对称不影响水平面积矩。

答题过程

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Take signed perpendicular distances from BDBD, positive towards CC. Since the template is uniform, masses are proportional to areas. The rectangle has area 16a216a^2 and centroid coordinate −a-a. The large semicircle has radius 4a4a, area 8πa28\pi a^2, and centroid coordinate 16a/(3π)16a/(3\pi). The removed semicircle has radius 2a2a, area 2πa22\pi a^2, and centroid coordinate 8a/(3π)8a/(3\pi). Thus the total area is (16+6π)a2(16+6\pi)a^2. Taking moments about BDBD,

(16+6π)a2d=16a2(−a)+8πa2(16a3π)−2πa2(8a3π).(16+6\pi)a^2d=16a^2(-a)+8\pi a^2\left(\frac{16a}{3\pi}\right)-2\pi a^2\left(\frac{8a}{3\pi}\right).

The right-hand side is

(−16+1283−163)a3=643a3.\left(-16+\frac{128}{3}-\frac{16}{3}\right)a^3=\frac{64}{3}a^3.

Therefore

d=64a3(16+6π)=32a3(8+3π).d=\frac{64a}{3(16+6\pi)}=\boxed{\frac{32a}{3(8+3\pi)}}.

The positive result places the centre of mass to the right of BDBD.

(b)

解法一

思路

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自由悬挂时质心必须在悬点 B 的正下方。由上下对称,质心沿 BD 方向距 B 为 4a,再用水平偏移 d 求夹角。

答题过程

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By symmetry, the centre of mass GG lies on the line through the midpoint of BDBD perpendicular to BDBD. Its component along BDBD from BB is therefore 4a4a, and its perpendicular component is dd. In hanging equilibrium, BGBG is vertically downwards. Hence the angle between BDBD and the downward vertical satisfies

tan⁡ϕ=d4a=83(8+3π).\tan\phi=\frac{d}{4a}=\frac8{3(8+3\pi)}.

Therefore

ϕ=8.70∘(3 s.f.).\boxed{\phi=8.70^\circ}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).

(c)

解法一

思路

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BD 竖直时,模板重力在右侧、附重在左侧;E 点向右的水平力与附重产生同向力矩。绕 B 取矩,轴的反力被消去。

答题过程

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With BDBD vertical, the template’s weight 15W15W acts a horizontal distance dd to the right of BB, giving a clockwise moment. The particle at EE is 2a2a to the left of BB, and the horizontal force WW at EE acts to the right at distance 8a8a below BB. Both give anticlockwise moments. Taking moments about BB,

15Wd=2akW+8aW.15Wd=2akW+8aW.

Substituting part (a) and dividing by 2aW2aW,

k=15d2a−4=808+3π−4.k=\frac{15d}{2a}-4=\frac{80}{8+3\pi}-4.

Thus

k=48−12π8+3π.\boxed{k=\frac{48-12\pi}{8+3\pi}}.