题目
5.
A smooth solid hemisphere is fixed with its plane face in contact with rough horizontal ground. The hemisphere has centre and radius
A uniform rod , of length and weight , rests in limiting equilibrium on the hemisphere with end on the ground. The rod is in contact with the hemisphere at the point . The rod is at an angle to the ground, as shown in Figure 3.
Points , , and all lie in the same vertical plane.
Given that
(a) show that
(b) Show that the magnitude of the normal reaction on the rod at is
The coefficient of friction between the rod and the ground at is
(c) Find the value of
题目中文翻译
一个光滑实心半球的平面面与粗糙水平地面接触并被固定。半球的球心为 ,半径为 。
长为 、重为 的均匀杆 靠在半球上并处于极限平衡, 端位于地面上。杆与半球在 点接触。如图 3 所示,杆与地面成 角。
点 、、、 均位于同一竖直平面内。
已知 ,
(a) 证明 。
(b) 证明杆在 点受到的法向反作用力大小为 。
杆与地面在 点处的摩擦系数为 。
(c) 求 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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接触处的半径垂直切线杆,因此 AOC 是直角三角形,可用勾股定理。
答题过程
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The rod is tangent to the hemisphere at , so . By Pythagoras in triangle ,
(b)
解法一
思路
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光滑球面的反力沿半径,垂直于杆。绕 A 取矩时,该反力力臂就是 AC;杆重作用于杆的中点。
答题过程
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From triangle ,
Let the normal reaction at be . It is perpendicular to the rod. The rod’s centre of mass is from along the rod, so its weight has moment arm about . Taking moments about ,
Hence
(c)
解法一
思路
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球面反力向左上方,因此地面摩擦力向右。分别求地面竖直支持力和水平摩擦力,再使用极限平衡条件。
答题过程
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Let the vertical ground reaction at be , and the friction there be acting towards . The reaction at has components upwards and to the left. Vertical equilibrium gives
Horizontal equilibrium gives
Since the rod is in limiting equilibrium, . Therefore