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M2 2025 Oct Q5

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 Oct Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5.

A smooth solid hemisphere is fixed with its plane face in contact with rough horizontal ground. The hemisphere has centre OO and radius 7a7a

A uniform rod ABAB, of length 30a30a and weight WW, rests in limiting equilibrium on the hemisphere with end AA on the ground. The rod is in contact with the hemisphere at the point CC. The rod is at an angle θ\theta to the ground, as shown in Figure 3.

Points AA, CC, BB and OO all lie in the same vertical plane.

Given that AO=25aAO=25a

(a) show that AC=24aAC=24a

(1)

(b) Show that the magnitude of the normal reaction on the rod at CC is 35W\dfrac35W

(3)

The coefficient of friction between the rod and the ground at AA is μ\mu

(c) Find the value of μ\mu

(6)
题目中文翻译

一个光滑实心半球的平面面与粗糙水平地面接触并被固定。半球的球心为 OO,半径为 7a7a。

长为 30a30a、重为 WW 的均匀杆 ABAB 靠在半球上并处于极限平衡,AA 端位于地面上。杆与半球在 CC 点接触。如图 3 所示,杆与地面成 θ\theta 角。

点 AA、CC、BB、OO 均位于同一竖直平面内。

已知 AO=25aAO=25a,

(a) 证明 AC=24aAC=24a。

(1)

(b) 证明杆在 CC 点受到的法向反作用力大小为 35W\dfrac35W。

(3)

杆与地面在 AA 点处的摩擦系数为 μ\mu。

(c) 求 μ\mu 的值。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

接触处的半径垂直切线杆,因此 AOC 是直角三角形,可用勾股定理。

答题过程

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The rod is tangent to the hemisphere at CC, so OC⊥ACOC\perp AC. By Pythagoras in triangle AOCAOC,

AC=AO2−OC2=(25a)2−(7a)2=576a2=24a.AC=\sqrt{AO^2-OC^2}=\sqrt{(25a)^2-(7a)^2}=\sqrt{576a^2}=\boxed{24a}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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光滑球面的反力沿半径,垂直于杆。绕 A 取矩时,该反力力臂就是 AC;杆重作用于杆的中点。

答题过程

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From triangle AOCAOC,

cos⁡θ=ACAO=2425,sin⁡θ=725.\cos\theta=\frac{AC}{AO}=\frac{24}{25},\qquad \sin\theta=\frac7{25}.

Let the normal reaction at CC be NN. It is perpendicular to the rod. The rod’s centre of mass is 15a15a from AA along the rod, so its weight has moment arm 15acos⁡θ15a\cos\theta about AA. Taking moments about AA,

N(24a)=W(15a)cos⁡θ=W(15a)2425.N(24a)=W(15a)\cos\theta=W(15a)\frac{24}{25}.

Hence

N=35W.\boxed{N=\frac35W}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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球面反力向左上方,因此地面摩擦力向右。分别求地面竖直支持力和水平摩擦力,再使用极限平衡条件。

答题过程

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Let the vertical ground reaction at AA be RR, and the friction there be FF acting towards OO. The reaction at CC has components Ncos⁡θN\cos\theta upwards and Nsin⁡θN\sin\theta to the left. Vertical equilibrium gives

R+Ncos⁡θ=W,R+N\cos\theta=W, R=W−35W2425=53125W.R=W-\frac35W\frac{24}{25}=\frac{53}{125}W.

Horizontal equilibrium gives

F=Nsin⁡θ=35W725=21125W.F=N\sin\theta=\frac35W\frac7{25}=\frac{21}{125}W.

Since the rod is in limiting equilibrium, F=μRF=\mu R. Therefore

μ=21W/12553W/125=2153.\mu=\frac{21W/125}{53W/125}=\boxed{\frac{21}{53}}.