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M2 2025 Oct Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M2

IAL 2025 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

A rough straight ramp is fixed at an angle α\alpha to horizontal ground, where tan⁡α=512\tan\alpha=\dfrac5{12}

The point AA is at the bottom of the ramp and the point BB is at the top of the ramp.

Points AA and BB are on a line of greatest slope of the ramp, with AB=5 mAB=5\,\mathrm{m}, as shown in the sketch in Figure 4.

A particle of mass 0.5 kg0.5\,\mathrm{kg} is projected up the ramp from AA, along the line ABAB, with speed U m s−1U\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. At the instant when it reaches BB, the speed of the particle is 26 m s−126\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

The coefficient of friction between the particle and the ramp is 13\dfrac13

(a) Find the work done against friction as the particle moves from AA to BB.

(3)

(b) Use the work–energy principle to find the value of UU.

(4)

After leaving the ramp at BB, the particle moves freely under gravity.

The particle is above the level of BB for TT seconds.

(c) Find the value of TT.

(3)

The particle hits the ground for the first time at the point CC.

(d) Find the distance ACAC.

(6)
题目中文翻译

一条粗糙直斜坡固定于水平地面上,与地面成 α\alpha 角,其中 tan⁡α=512\tan\alpha=\dfrac5{12}。

AA 点位于斜坡底端,BB 点位于斜坡顶端。

如图 4 的草图所示,AA、BB 位于斜坡的同一条最大坡度线上,且 AB=5 mAB=5\,\mathrm{m}。

一个质量为 0.5 kg0.5\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点从 AA 沿直线 ABAB 以速率 U m s−1U\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 沿斜坡向上发射。质点到达 BB 的瞬间的速率为 26 m s−126\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

质点与斜坡之间的摩擦系数为 13\dfrac13。

(a) 求质点从 AA 到 BB 过程中克服摩擦力所做的功。

(3)

(b) 利用功—能原理求 UU 的值。

(4)

质点离开斜坡的 BB 点后,仅在重力作用下自由运动。

质点在 BB 点所在水平面上方运动的时间为 TT 秒。

(c) 求 TT 的值。

(3)

质点首次落地的位置为 CC 点。

(d) 求距离 ACAC。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先由 5–12–13 三角形求坡角的正弦和余弦。支持力决定摩擦力,克服摩擦所做功等于摩擦力乘坡长。

答题过程

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Since tan⁡α=5/12\tan\alpha=5/12,

sin⁡α=513,cos⁡α=1213.\sin\alpha=\frac5{13},\qquad \cos\alpha=\frac{12}{13}.

Perpendicular to the ramp, the normal reaction is

R=0.5gcos⁡α.R=0.5g\cos\alpha.

The frictional force while the particle moves up the ramp is

F=13R=13(12g1213)=2g13.F=\frac13R=\frac13\left(\frac12g\frac{12}{13}\right)=\frac{2g}{13}.

Therefore the work done against friction is

Ef=F(5)=10g13=7.54 J(3 s.f.).E_f=F(5)=\frac{10g}{13}=\boxed{7.54\text{ J}}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).

(b)

解法一

思路

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按题目要求用功—能:初动能等于末动能加势能增加及摩擦耗能。坡顶高度是坡长乘 sin。

答题过程

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The vertical rise from AA to BB is 5sin⁡α=25/135\sin\alpha=25/13 m. By the work–energy principle,

12(0.5)U2=12(0.5)(26)2+0.5g(2513)+10g13.\frac12(0.5)U^2=\frac12(0.5)(26)^2+0.5g\left(\frac{25}{13}\right)+\frac{10g}{13}.

Multiplying by 44,

U2=676+90g13.U^2=676+\frac{90g}{13}.

Therefore

U=676+90(9.8)13=27.3 m s−1(3 s.f.).U=\sqrt{676+\frac{90(9.8)}{13}}=\boxed{27.3\text{ m s}^{-1}}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).

(c)

解法一

思路

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离开坡顶时速度沿坡方向。求位于 B 水平面上方的时间,起点与终点高度相同,所以竖直位移为零;这不是落地总时间。

答题过程

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At BB, the horizontal and vertical velocity components are

ux=26cos⁡α=24,uy=26sin⁡α=10.u_x=26\cos\alpha=24,\qquad u_y=26\sin\alpha=10.

On returning to the level of BB after time TT,

0=10T−12gT2.0=10T-\frac12gT^2.

Taking the nonzero solution,

T=20g=2.04 s(3 s.f.).T=\frac{20}{g}=\boxed{2.04\text{ s}}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).

(d)

解法一

思路

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从 B 计时,落地时竖直位移是负的坡顶高度。求正时间根后,水平位移还要加上 A 到 B 的水平投影。

答题过程

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Let tt be the time from leaving BB to hitting the ground at CC. Taking upwards as positive,

−2513=10t−12gt2.-\frac{25}{13}=10t-\frac12gt^2.

The positive root is

t=10+100+2g(25/13)g=2.2177… s.t=\frac{10+\sqrt{100+2g(25/13)}}{g}=2.2177\ldots\text{ s}.

The horizontal distance from the point vertically below BB to CC is 24t24t. Since the horizontal projection of ABAB is 5cos⁡α=60/135\cos\alpha=60/13,

AC=6013+24t=57.8 m(3 s.f.).AC=\frac{60}{13}+24t=\boxed{57.8\text{ m}}\quad(3\text{ s.f.}).

解法二

思路

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也可把飞行分成上升到最高点、再从最高点自由下落两段。先求最高点距地面的高度,再求下落时间。

答题过程

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The time from BB to the highest point is

t1=10g.t_1=\frac{10}{g}.

The highest point is at height

H=2513+1022gH=\frac{25}{13}+\frac{10^2}{2g}

above the ground. Starting with zero vertical velocity there, the fall time to the ground is

t2=2Hg.t_2=\sqrt{\frac{2H}{g}}.

The horizontal velocity remains 24 m s−124\text{ m s}^{-1} throughout the flight, so

AC=6013+24[10g+2g(2513+1002g)]=57.8 m.AC=\frac{60}{13}+24\left[\frac{10}{g}+\sqrt{\frac2g\left(\frac{25}{13}+\frac{100}{2g}\right)}\right]=\boxed{57.8\text{ m}}.