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M3 2021 June Q3

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

The finite region enclosed by the curve with equation y=3−xy=3-\sqrt{x} and the lines x=0x=0 and y=0y=0 is rotated through 2π2\pi radians about the xx-axis, to form a uniform solid SS.

Use algebraic integration to

(a) show that the volume of SS is 272π\dfrac{27}2\pi

(4)

(b) find the xx coordinate of the centre of mass of SS.

(5)
题目中文翻译

将曲线 y=3−xy=3-\sqrt{x} 与直线 x=0x=0、y=0y=0 围成的有限区域绕 xx 轴旋转 2π2\pi 弧度,形成均匀立体 SS。

用代数积分

(a) 证明 SS 的体积为 272π\dfrac{27}2\pi;

(4)

(b) 求 SS 的质心的 xx 坐标。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

曲线与 x 轴交于 x=9,旋转后的截面是半径为 y 的圆盘。先展开平方,再手动积分并代入上下限。

答题过程

展开

The curve meets the xx axis when

3−x=0⇒x=9.3-\sqrt{x}=0\quad\Rightarrow\quad x=9.

The cross-sectional area perpendicular to the xx axis is πy2\pi y^2. Hence

V=π∫09(3−x)2 dx=π∫09(9−6x1/2+x) dx.V=\pi\int_0^9(3-\sqrt{x})^2\,\mathrm{d}x=\pi\int_0^9(9-6x^{1/2}+x)\,\mathrm{d}x.

Therefore

V=π[9x−4x3/2+x22]09,V=\pi\left[9x-4x^{3/2}+\frac{x^2}{2}\right]_0^9, V=π(81−108+812)=272π.V=\pi\left(81-108+\frac{81}{2}\right)=\boxed{\frac{27}{2}\pi}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

均匀立体的质量与体积成正比,质心横坐标等于截面体积矩积分除总体积。分子必须多乘一个 x。

答题过程

展开

For uniform density ρ\rho,

xˉ=ρπ∫09x(3−x)2 dxρV.\bar x=\frac{\rho\pi\int_0^9x(3-\sqrt{x})^2\,\mathrm{d}x}{\rho V}.

The first moment of volume is

π∫09(9x−6x3/2+x2) dx=π[92x2−125x5/2+x33]09.\pi\int_0^9(9x-6x^{3/2}+x^2)\,\mathrm{d}x=\pi\left[\frac92x^2-\frac{12}{5}x^{5/2}+\frac{x^3}{3}\right]_0^9.

Evaluating,

π(7292−29165+243)=24310π.\pi\left(\frac{729}{2}-\frac{2916}{5}+243\right)=\frac{243}{10}\pi.

Thus

xˉ=243π/1027π/2=95.\bar x=\frac{243\pi/10}{27\pi/2}=\boxed{\frac95}.