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M3 2021 Oct Q5

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5.

A small smooth ring RR of mass mm is threaded on to a thin smooth fixed vertical pole. One end of a light inextensible string of length 2l2l is attached to a point AA on the pole. The other end of the string is attached to RR. A particle PP of mass mm is attached to the midpoint of the string. The particle PP moves with constant angular speed in a horizontal circle, with both halves of the string taut, and AR=6l5AR=\dfrac{6l}5, as shown in Figure 2.

It may be assumed that in this motion the string does not wrap itself around the pole and that at any instant, the triangle APRAPR lies in a vertical plane.

(a) Show that the tension in the lower half of the string is 5mg3\dfrac{5mg}3

(3)

(b) Find, in terms of ll and gg, the time for PP to complete one revolution.

(8)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 mm 的光滑小环 RR 套在一根细、光滑且固定的竖直杆上。一根长为 2l2l 的不可伸长轻绳的一端连接于杆上的 AA 点,另一端连接于 RR。质量为 mm 的质点 PP 连接于绳的中点。如图 2 所示,质点 PP 以恒定角速度做水平圆周运动,绳的两半均绷紧,且 AR=6l5AR=\dfrac{6l}5。

可假设在此运动中,绳不会缠绕在杆上,且在任何瞬间,三角形 APRAPR 均位于竖直平面内。

(a) 证明绳的下半段中的张力为 5mg3\dfrac{5mg}3。

(3)

(b) 用 ll 和 gg 表示 PP 完成一整圈所需的时间。

(8)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

两段绳等长使 P 位于 AR 的中垂线上,先由几何求下段与竖直杆的夹角。小环没有竖直运动,光滑杆也没有竖直摩擦力。

答题过程

展开

Let α=∠ARP\alpha=\angle ARP, the angle between the lower string and the upward vertical. Since AP=RP=lAP=RP=l and AR=6l/5AR=6l/5, the vertical height from RR to the level of PP is 3l/53l/5. Thus

cos⁡α=35,sin⁡α=45.\cos\alpha=\frac35,\qquad \sin\alpha=\frac45.

Let the lower tension be T2T_2. For the ring RR, the pole exerts only a horizontal reaction. Vertical equilibrium gives

T2cos⁡α=mg.T_2\cos\alpha=mg.

Therefore

T2=53mg.\boxed{T_2=\frac53mg}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

P 固定于绳的中点,上下两段张力不必相等。先对 P 作竖直平衡求上段张力,再把两张力的水平分量相加作为向心力。

答题过程

展开

Let T1T_1 be the upper tension. For PP, the upper tension has an upward component, while the lower tension has a downward component. Vertical equilibrium gives

(T1−T2)cos⁡α=mg.(T_1-T_2)\cos\alpha=mg.

Using T2=5mg/3T_2=5mg/3 and cos⁡α=3/5\cos\alpha=3/5,

T1=mg3/5+53mg=103mg.T_1=\frac{mg}{3/5}+\frac53mg=\frac{10}{3}mg.

The radius of the circular path is

r=lsin⁡α=45l.r=l\sin\alpha=\frac45l.

Both horizontal tension components act towards the pole, so

(T1+T2)sin⁡α=mrω2.(T_1+T_2)\sin\alpha=mr\omega^2.

Hence

(103mg+53mg)45=m4l5ω2,\left(\frac{10}{3}mg+\frac53mg\right)\frac45=m\frac{4l}{5}\omega^2, ω2=5gl.\omega^2=\frac{5g}{l}.

The time for one revolution is therefore

2πω=2πl5g.\boxed{\frac{2\pi}{\omega}=2\pi\sqrt{\frac{l}{5g}}}.