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M3 2021 Oct Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

A light rod of length aa is free to rotate in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis through one end OO. A particle PP of mass mm is attached to the other end of the rod. The particle PP is held at rest with the rod making an angle α\alpha with the upward vertical through OO, where tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\dfrac34

The particle PP is then projected with speed uu in a direction which is perpendicular to the rod. At the instant when the rod makes an angle θ\theta with the upward vertical through OO, the speed of PP is vv, as shown in Figure 3.

Air resistance is assumed to be negligible.

(a) Show that v2=u2+2ag5(4−5cos⁡θ)v^2=u^2+\dfrac{2ag}5(4-5\cos\theta)

(4)

It is given that u2=6ag5u^2=\dfrac{6ag}5 and PP moves in complete vertical circles.

When θ=β\theta=\beta, the force exerted on PP by the rod is zero.

(b) Find the value of cos⁡β\cos\beta

(6)
题目中文翻译

一根长为 aa 的轻杆可绕过一端 OO 的水平轴在竖直平面内自由转动。质量为 mm 的质点 PP 连接于杆的另一端。将质点 PP 保持静止,使杆与过 OO 的竖直向上方向成 α\alpha 角,其中 tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\dfrac34。

随后将质点 PP 沿垂直于杆的方向以速率 uu 发射。如图 3 所示,杆与过 OO 的竖直向上方向成 θ\theta 角的瞬间,PP 的速率为 vv。

假设空气阻力可忽略。

(a) 证明 v2=u2+2ag5(4−5cos⁡θ)v^2=u^2+\dfrac{2ag}5(4-5\cos\theta)。

(4)

已知 u2=6ag5u^2=\dfrac{6ag}5,且 PP 沿完整的竖直圆周运动。

当 θ=β\theta=\beta 时,杆对 PP 施加的力为零。

(b) 求 cos⁡β\cos\beta 的值。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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杆的力始终垂直瞬时运动方向,不做功,因此机械能守恒。高度用杆与竖直向上方向的余弦表示。

答题过程

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Since tan⁡α=3/4\tan\alpha=3/4, cos⁡α=4/5\cos\alpha=4/5. Taking the level of OO as zero potential energy, the initial and general heights are acos⁡αa\cos\alpha and acos⁡θa\cos\theta. Conservation of mechanical energy gives

12mu2+mgacos⁡α=12mv2+mgacos⁡θ.\frac12mu^2+mga\cos\alpha=\frac12mv^2+mga\cos\theta.

Thus

v2=u2+2ag(45−cos⁡θ)=u2+2ag5(4−5cos⁡θ).v^2=u^2+2ag\left(\frac45-\cos\theta\right)=\boxed{u^2+\frac{2ag}{5}(4-5\cos\theta)}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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杆可以推也可以拉;题目所求是杆力恰好为零的位置。此时径向合力只由重力分量提供,代入能量求得的速率即可。

答题过程

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Let the signed force exerted by the rod towards OO be TT. Resolving radially towards OO,

T+mgcos⁡θ=mv2a.T+mg\cos\theta=\frac{mv^2}{a}.

At θ=β\theta=\beta, the rod force is zero. From part (a) and u2=6ag/5u^2=6ag/5,

v2=6ag5+2ag5(4−5cos⁡β)=14ag5−2agcos⁡β.v^2=\frac{6ag}{5}+\frac{2ag}{5}(4-5\cos\beta)=\frac{14ag}{5}-2ag\cos\beta.

Consequently

mgcos⁡β=ma(14ag5−2agcos⁡β).mg\cos\beta=\frac ma\left(\frac{14ag}{5}-2ag\cos\beta\right).

Cancelling mgmg,

cos⁡β=145−2cos⁡β,cos⁡β=1415.\cos\beta=\frac{14}{5}-2\cos\beta,\qquad \boxed{\cos\beta=\frac{14}{15}}.