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M3 2022 Jan UNUSED Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2022 Jan Unused Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

A light elastic string ABAB has natural length 11a11a and modulus of elasticity 6mg6mg

A particle of mass 4m4m is attached to the point CC on the string where AC=8aAC=8a and a particle of mass 2m2m is attached to the end BB

The end AA of the string is attached to a fixed point and the string hangs vertically below AA with the particle of mass 4m4m in equilibrium at the point PP and the particle of mass 2m2m in equilibrium at the point QQ, as shown in Figure 1.

(a) Find the length APAP

(3)

(b) Find the length PQPQ

(3)
题目中文翻译

弹性轻绳 ABAB 的原长为 11a11a,弹性模量为 6mg6mg。

一个质量为 4m4m 的质点连接于绳上的 CC 点,其中 AC=8aAC=8a;另一个质量为 2m2m 的质点连接于 BB 端。

如图 1 所示,绳的 AA 端连接于固定点,绳竖直悬挂于 AA 下方,质量为 4m4m 的质点平衡于 PP 点,质量为 2m2m 的质点平衡于 QQ 点。

(a) 求长度 APAP。

(3)

(b) 求长度 PQPQ。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

上段绳支承两粒子的总重,原长为 AC=8a。先求上段张力,再由胡克定律求伸长并加回原长。

答题过程

展开

The upper portion supports both particles, so its tension is

TAP=(4m+2m)g=6mg.T_{AP}=(4m+2m)g=6mg.

Its natural length is 8a8a, and its modulus remains 6mg6mg. If its extension is xx, Hooke’s law gives

6mg=6mg x8a,x=8a.6mg=\frac{6mg\,x}{8a},\qquad x=8a.

Hence

AP=8a+x=16a.\boxed{AP=8a+x=16a}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

下段仅支承下方质量 2m 的粒子,原长为 11a−8a=3a,不能使用整绳原长。

答题过程

展开

For the lower particle, vertical equilibrium gives

TPQ=2mg.T_{PQ}=2mg.

The lower portion has natural length 3a3a. If its extension is yy,

2mg=6mg y3a,y=a.2mg=\frac{6mg\,y}{3a},\qquad y=a.

Therefore

PQ=3a+y=4a.\boxed{PQ=3a+y=4a}.