A particle P of mass m is attached to one end of a light elastic string of natural length a and modulus of elasticity 2mg. The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point O on a rough plane which is inclined to the horizontal at an angle α
The string lies along a line of greatest slope of the plane.
The particle P is held at rest on the plane at the point A, where OA=a, as shown in Figure 5.
The particle P is released from A and slides down the plane, coming to rest at the point B. The coefficient of friction between P and the plane is μ, where μ<tanα
Air resistance is modelled as being negligible.
(a) Show that AB=a(sinα−μcosα).
(5)
Given that tanα=43 and μ=21
(b) find, in terms of a and g, the maximum speed of P as it moves from A to B
(7)
(c) Describe the motion of P after it reaches B, justifying your answer.
(3)
题目中文翻译
质量为 m 的质点 P 连接于一根原长为 a、弹性模量为 2mg 的弹性轻绳的一端,另一端连接于粗糙斜面上的固定点 O。斜面与水平面成 α 角。
绳沿斜面的最大坡度线。
如图 5 所示,将质点 P 静止保持在斜面上的 A 点,其中 OA=a。
将质点 P 从 A 释放,它沿斜面下滑,并在 B 点停下。P 与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 μ,其中 μ<tanα。
模型中忽略空气阻力。
(a) 证明 AB=a(sinα−μcosα)。
(5)
已知 tanα=43 且 μ=21,
(b) 用 a 和 g 表示 P 从 A 到 B 过程中的最大速率。
(7)
(c) 描述 P 到达 B 后的运动,并说明理由。
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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开始时绳恰为原长,没有弹性能;到 B 时再次静止。重力势能减少用于储存弹性势能与克服摩擦,除去零位移的根后得到 AB。
答题过程
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Let AB=x>0. The string’s extension at B is x. The normal reaction is mgcosα, so the frictional force during the downward motion is μmgcosα.
The initial and final kinetic energies are zero. Work–energy therefore gives
mgxsinα=2a2mgx2+μmgcosαx.
Since x>0, division by mgx gives
sinα=ax+μcosα.
Hence
AB=a(sinα−μcosα).
The assumption μ<tanα ensures this distance is positive and the particle initially slides downwards.