题目
Problem
1.
A particle P moves in a straight line with simple harmonic motion between two fixed points A and B. The particle performs 2 complete oscillations per second. The midpoint of AB is O and the midpoint of OA is C
The length of AB is 0.6m.
(a) Find the maximum speed of P
(4)
(b) Find the time taken by P to move directly from O to C
(2)
题目中文翻译
质点 P 在两个固定点 A、B 之间沿直线做简谐运动,每秒完成 2 次完整振动。AB 的中点为 O,OA 的中点为 C。
AB 的长度为 0.6m。
(a) 求 P 的最大速率。
(4)
(b) 求 P 从 O 直接运动到 C 所用的时间。
(2)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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每秒振动两次给出的是频率,不是角频率。振幅是两端距离的一半;最大速率在中点取得。
答题过程
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The frequency is f=2Hz, so the period and angular frequency are
τ=21s,ω=τ2π=4πs−1.
The amplitude is half the distance between the extreme positions:
b=2AB=0.3m.
For SHM, v2=ω2(b2−x2), where x is the displacement from O. This is greatest at x=0. Therefore
vmax=ωb=1.2πms−1≈3.77ms−1.
(b)
解法一
思路
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从中心向 C 出发,取朝 C 为正。用正弦写位移,并选第一次到达对应的锐角相位。
答题过程
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Take t=0 as P passes through O towards C, and take displacement towards C as positive. Then
x=0.3sin(4πt).
Since C is the midpoint of OA,
OC=0.15m.
At the first arrival at C,
0.15=0.3sin(4πt),4πt=6π.
Hence the required time is
t=241s≈0.0417s.