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M3 2022 June Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2022 June Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

A particle PP moves in a straight line with simple harmonic motion between two fixed points AA and BB. The particle performs 22 complete oscillations per second. The midpoint of ABAB is OO and the midpoint of OAOA is CC

The length of ABAB is 0.6 m0.6\,\mathrm{m}.

(a) Find the maximum speed of PP

(4)

(b) Find the time taken by PP to move directly from OO to CC

(2)
题目中文翻译

质点 PP 在两个固定点 AA、BB 之间沿直线做简谐运动,每秒完成 22 次完整振动。ABAB 的中点为 OO,OAOA 的中点为 CC。

ABAB 的长度为 0.6 m0.6\,\mathrm{m}。

(a) 求 PP 的最大速率。

(4)

(b) 求 PP 从 OO 直接运动到 CC 所用的时间。

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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每秒振动两次给出的是频率,不是角频率。振幅是两端距离的一半;最大速率在中点取得。

答题过程

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The frequency is f=2 Hzf=2\,\mathrm{Hz}, so the period and angular frequency are

τ=12 s,ω=2πτ=4π s−1.\tau=\frac12\,\mathrm{s},\qquad \omega=\frac{2\pi}{\tau}=4\pi\,\mathrm{s^{-1}}.

The amplitude is half the distance between the extreme positions:

b=AB2=0.3 m.b=\frac{AB}{2}=0.3\,\mathrm{m}.

For SHM, v2=ω2(b2−x2)v^2=\omega^2(b^2-x^2), where xx is the displacement from OO. This is greatest at x=0x=0. Therefore

vmax⁡=ωb=1.2π m s−1≈3.77 m s−1.\boxed{v_{\max}=\omega b=1.2\pi\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} \approx3.77\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

从中心向 CC 出发,取朝 CC 为正。用正弦写位移,并选第一次到达对应的锐角相位。

答题过程

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Take t=0t=0 as PP passes through OO towards CC, and take displacement towards CC as positive. Then

x=0.3sin⁡(4πt).x=0.3\sin(4\pi t).

Since CC is the midpoint of OAOA,

OC=0.15 m.OC=0.15\,\mathrm{m}.

At the first arrival at CC,

0.15=0.3sin⁡(4πt),4πt=π6.0.15=0.3\sin(4\pi t),\qquad 4\pi t=\frac{\pi}{6}.

Hence the required time is

t=124 s≈0.0417 s.\boxed{t=\frac1{24}\,\mathrm{s}\approx0.0417\,\mathrm{s}.}