题目
Problem
3.
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.
A particle P is moving along a straight line.
At time t seconds, P is a distance x metres from a fixed point O on the line and is moving away from O with speed 2x+350ms−1
(a) Find the deceleration of P when x=12
(5)
Given that x=4 when t=1
(b) find the value of t when x=12
(5)
题目中文翻译
本题必须展示所有计算步骤。
不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。
质点 P 沿直线运动。
在 t 秒时,P 距直线上固定点 O 为 x 米,正以速率 2x+350ms−1 远离 O 运动。
(a) 求 x=12 时 P 的减速度大小。
(5)
已知 t=1 时 x=4,
(b) 求 x=12 时的 t 值。
(5)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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速度以位置表示,因此用链式法则把时间导数转为位置导数。加速度是负数,所求减速度大小要取正值。
答题过程
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Take the direction away from O as positive. Then
v=50(2x+3)−1.
Differentiating with respect to x,
dxdv=−100(2x+3)−2.
By the chain rule,
dtdv===dxdvdtdx−(2x+3)21002x+350−(2x+3)35000.
At x=12,
dtdv=−2735000ms−2.
The negative acceleration opposes the motion, so the deceleration is
196835000ms−2≈0.254ms−2.
(b)
解法一
思路
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分离变量后手工积分,并用 t=1,x=4 求常数。题目问的是时刻 t,不是从该初始条件起经过的时间。
答题过程
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Since v=dx/dt,
(2x+3)dtdx=50.
Separating variables and integrating,
∫(2x+3)dx=∫50dt,x2+3x=50t+C.
Using x=4 when t=1 gives
16+12=50+C,C=−22.
Thus
x2+3x=50t−22.
When x=12,
144+36=50t−22,t=50202=4.04s.