Two points A and B lie on a smooth horizontal table where AB=4l.
A particle P of mass m is attached to one end of a light elastic spring of natural length l and modulus of elasticity 2mg. The other end of the spring is attached to A. The particle P is also attached to one end of another light elastic spring of natural length l and modulus of elasticity mg. The other end of the spring is attached to B.
The particle P rests in equilibrium on the table at the point O, where AO=35l, as shown in Figure 7.
The particle P is moved a distance 21l along the table, from O towards A, and released from rest.
(a) Show that P moves with simple harmonic motion of period T, where
T=2π3gl
(6)
(b) Find, in terms of l and g, the speed of P as it passes through O.
(1)
(c) Find, in terms of g, the maximum acceleration of P.
(1)
(d) Find the exact time, in terms of l and g, from the instant when P is released from rest to the instant when P is first moving with speed 43gl
(5)
题目中文翻译
光滑水平桌面上的两点 A、B 满足 AB=4l。
质量为 m 的质点 P 连接于一根原长为 l、弹性模量为 2mg 的弹性轻弹簧的一端,另一端连接于 A。质点 P 也连接于另一根原长为 l、弹性模量为 mg 的弹性轻弹簧的一端,另一端连接于 B。
如图 7 所示,质点 P 静止平衡于桌面上的 O 点,其中 AO=35l。
将质点 P 沿桌面从 O 向 A 移动距离 21l 后由静止释放。
(a) 证明 P 做周期为 T 的简谐运动,其中
T=2π3gl
(6)
(b) 用 l 和 g 表示 P 经过 O 时的速率。
(1)
(c) 用 g 表示 P 的最大加速度大小。
(1)
(d) 用 l 和 g 表示从释放 P 的瞬间到 P 首次以速率 43gl 运动的瞬间所用的精确时间。
(5)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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取从平衡位置向 A 的位移为正。左弹簧的伸长减少,右弹簧的伸长增加;两力相减后常数项抵消。写出恢复方程后再推出周期。
答题过程
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Let x be displacement from O towards A. Since AO=5l/3 and OB=7l/3, the spring lengths and extensions are
The acceleration is proportional to the displacement from O and directed towards O, so the motion is SHM with
ω=l3g.
The particle is released from rest at x=l/2, so the amplitude is b=l/2. Over −l/2≤x≤l/2, both extensions remain positive: their minimum values are l/6 and 5l/6. Thus the force equation applies throughout the oscillation. Its period is
T=ω2π=2π3gl.
(b)
解法一
思路
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经过平衡位置时,速率达到振幅乘角频率。题目要速率,因此结果取正。
答题过程
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At O, the speed is the maximum SHM speed:
vO=bω=2ll3g=213gl.
(c)
解法一
思路
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加速度大小与离平衡位置的距离成正比,因此在两个端点最大。
答题过程
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The acceleration magnitude is ω2∣x∣, so its maximum occurs at ∣x∣=b=l/2: