题目
Problem
1.
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.
A particle P starts from the origin O and moves along the positive x-axis.
At time t seconds, where t⩾0
- the distance of P from O is x metres
- the acceleration of P has magnitude ams−2
- the speed of P is vms−1, where
v=81t2(0⩽t<4)
v=81t2−t8+k(t⩾4)
and k is a constant.
(a) Find the value of a when t=8
(3)
Given that v is a continuous function of t and that x=0 when t=0
(b) find the exact value of x when t=8
(6)
题目中文翻译
本题必须展示所有计算步骤。
不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。
质点 P 从原点 O 出发,沿 x 轴正半轴运动。
在 t 秒时,t⩾0,
- P 到 O 的距离为 x 米;
- P 的加速度大小为 ams−2;
- P 的速率为 vms−1,其中
v=81t2(0⩽t<4)
v=81t2−t8+k(t⩾4)
k 为常数。
(a) 求 t=8 时的 a 值。
(3)
已知 v 是 t 的连续函数,且 t=0 时 x=0,
(b) 求 t=8 时 x 的精确值。
(6)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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当 t=8 时应使用第二段速度。质点沿正方向运动,所以速率可作为有符号速度求导;常数 k 的导数为零。
答题过程
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For t≥4,
v=81t2−8t−1+k.
Differentiating with respect to t,
dtdv=41t+8t−2.
At t=8 this is positive. Therefore its magnitude is
a=48+828=2+81=817ms−2.
(b)
解法一
思路
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先用 t=4 处速度连续求 k,再对两段分别积分。第二段位移的积分下限是 4,不能将含 lnt 的式子直接从零代入。
答题过程
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Continuity of v at t=4 requires
81(4)2=81(4)2−48+k,k=2.
Since the particle moves along the positive x-axis and starts at O, its position at t=8 is
x(8)=∫0481t2dt+∫48(81t2−t8+2)dt.
The first integral is
[24t3]04=38.
For the second interval, t>0, so an antiderivative is t3/24−8lnt+2t. Hence
x(8)===38+[24t3−8lnt+2t]4838+(364−8ln8+16)−(38−8ln4+8)388−8ln(48).
Therefore
x=(388−8ln2)m.