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M3 2025 Jan Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

A particle PP starts from the origin OO and moves along the positive xx-axis.

At time tt seconds, where t⩾0t\geqslant0

  • the distance of PP from OO is xx metres
  • the acceleration of PP has magnitude a m s−2a\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}
  • the speed of PP is v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}, where
v=18t2(0⩽t<4)v=\frac18t^2\qquad(0\leqslant t<4) v=18t2−8t+k(t⩾4)v=\frac18t^2-\frac8t+k\qquad(t\geqslant4)

and kk is a constant.

(a) Find the value of aa when t=8t=8

(3)

Given that vv is a continuous function of tt and that x=0x=0 when t=0t=0

(b) find the exact value of xx when t=8t=8

(6)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示所有计算步骤。

不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

质点 PP 从原点 OO 出发,沿 xx 轴正半轴运动。

在 tt 秒时,t⩾0t\geqslant0,

  • PP 到 OO 的距离为 xx 米;
  • PP 的加速度大小为 a m s−2a\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}};
  • PP 的速率为 v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},其中
v=18t2(0⩽t<4)v=\frac18t^2\qquad(0\leqslant t<4) v=18t2−8t+k(t⩾4)v=\frac18t^2-\frac8t+k\qquad(t\geqslant4)

kk 为常数。

(a) 求 t=8t=8 时的 aa 值。

(3)

已知 vv 是 tt 的连续函数,且 t=0t=0 时 x=0x=0,

(b) 求 t=8t=8 时 xx 的精确值。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

当 t=8t=8 时应使用第二段速度。质点沿正方向运动,所以速率可作为有符号速度求导;常数 kk 的导数为零。

答题过程

展开

For t≥4t\geq4,

v=18t2−8t−1+k.v=\frac18t^2-8t^{-1}+k.

Differentiating with respect to tt,

dvdt=14t+8t−2.\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t} =\frac14t+8t^{-2}.

At t=8t=8 this is positive. Therefore its magnitude is

a=84+882=2+18=178 m s−2.\boxed{a=\frac84+\frac8{8^2}=2+\frac18 =\frac{17}{8}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先用 t=4t=4 处速度连续求 kk,再对两段分别积分。第二段位移的积分下限是 44,不能将含 ln⁡t\ln t 的式子直接从零代入。

答题过程

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Continuity of vv at t=4t=4 requires

18(4)2=18(4)2−84+k,k=2.\frac18(4)^2=\frac18(4)^2-\frac84+k, \qquad k=2.

Since the particle moves along the positive xx-axis and starts at OO, its position at t=8t=8 is

x(8)=∫0418t2 dt+∫48(18t2−8t+2) dt.x(8)=\int_0^4\frac18t^2\,\mathrm{d}t +\int_4^8\left(\frac18t^2-\frac8t+2\right)\,\mathrm{d}t.

The first integral is

[t324]04=83.\left[\frac{t^3}{24}\right]_0^4=\frac83.

For the second interval, t>0t>0, so an antiderivative is t3/24−8ln⁡t+2tt^3/24-8\ln t+2t. Hence

x(8)= 83+[t324−8ln⁡t+2t]48= 83+(643−8ln⁡8+16)−(83−8ln⁡4+8)= 883−8ln⁡(84).\begin{align*} x(8)=&\,\frac83+ \left[\frac{t^3}{24}-8\ln t+2t\right]_4^8\\ =&\,\frac83+\left(\frac{64}{3}-8\ln8+16\right) -\left(\frac83-8\ln4+8\right)\\ =&\,\frac{88}{3}-8\ln\left(\frac84\right). \end{align*}

Therefore

x=(883−8ln⁡2) m.\boxed{x=\left(\frac{88}{3}-8\ln2\right)\,\mathrm{m}.}