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M3 2025 Jan Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

A fixed point OO is a distance 12a\dfrac12a above a smooth horizontal table. The point AA is on the table, vertically below OO.

A light elastic string has natural length aa and modulus of elasticity 3mg3mg. One end of the elastic string is attached to OO. The other end of the elastic string is attached to a particle PP of mass mm.

The particle PP moves on the table in a circle centre AA, radius rr with the elastic string taut and angle POA=θ\text{angle }POA=\theta, where θ\theta is a constant, as shown in Figure 6.

Given that PP moves with constant angular speed ga\sqrt{\dfrac ga}

(a) show that OP=32aOP=\dfrac32a.

(8)

(b) Find, in terms of mm and gg, the magnitude of the force exerted on PP by the table.

(4)

(c) Find, in terms of mm, gg and aa, the sum of the kinetic energy of PP and the elastic energy stored in the string. Give your answer in simplest form.

(4)
题目中文翻译

固定点 OO 位于光滑水平桌面上方距离 12a\dfrac12a 处。AA 点位于桌面上,在 OO 的正下方。

一根弹性轻绳的原长为 aa,弹性模量为 3mg3mg。绳的一端连接于 OO,另一端连接于质量为 mm 的质点 PP。

如图 6 所示,质点 PP 在桌面上沿以 AA 为圆心、半径为 rr 的圆周运动,弹性绳绷紧,且 ∠POA=θ\angle POA=\theta,其中 θ\theta 为常数。

已知 PP 以恒定角速度 ga\sqrt{\dfrac ga} 运动,

(a) 证明 OP=32aOP=\dfrac32a。

(8)

(b) 用 mm 和 gg 表示桌面对 PP 施加的力的大小。

(4)

(c) 用 mm、gg 和 aa 表示 PP 的动能与绳中弹性势能之和,以最简形式作答。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

水平圆周半径是 rr,而 OPOP 是绳长。将水平向心方程、三角关系和胡克定律联立后,rr 可以约去。

答题过程

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Let the string length be s=OPs=OP and its tension be TT. Its extension is s−as-a, so

T=3mga(s−a).T=\frac{3mg}{a}(s-a).

The angular speed satisfies ω2=g/a\omega^2=g/a. Resolving horizontally towards AA,

Tsin⁡θ=mrω2=mrga.(1)T\sin\theta=mr\omega^2=\frac{mrg}{a}.\tag{1}

In triangle OAPOAP,

sin⁡θ=rs.\sin\theta=\frac r{s}.

Substituting this and Hooke’s law into (1),

3mg(s−a)ars=mrga.\frac{3mg(s-a)}{a}\frac r{s}=\frac{mrg}{a}.

As the circle has r>0r>0, cancel mrg/amrg/a to obtain

3(s−a)s=1,3s−3a=s.\frac{3(s-a)}{s}=1, \qquad 3s-3a=s.

Hence

OP=s=32a.\boxed{OP=s=\frac32a.}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

竖直方向没有加速度,但张力向上的分量承担了一部分重力。因此桌面支持力小于 mgmg。

答题过程

展开

From part (a), the extension is a/2a/2, so

T=3mgaa2=32mg.T=\frac{3mg}{a}\frac a2=\frac32mg.

Also

cos⁡θ=OAOP=a/23a/2=13.\cos\theta=\frac{OA}{OP} =\frac{a/2}{3a/2}=\frac13.

Let RR be the upward normal force exerted by the table. Vertical equilibrium gives

R+Tcos⁡θ=mg.R+T\cos\theta=mg.

Consequently

R=mg−32mg13=12mg.\boxed{R=mg-\frac32mg\frac13=\frac12mg.}

(c)

解法一

思路

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先由几何求 rr,再用 v=rωv=r\omega 算动能。弹性势能使用伸长 a/2a/2,最后将两种能量相加并化为一个式子。

答题过程

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By Pythagoras,

r2=OP2−OA2=(3a2)2−(a2)2=2a2.r^2=OP^2-OA^2 =\left(\frac{3a}{2}\right)^2-\left(\frac a2\right)^2 =2a^2.

Thus the kinetic energy is

EK=12m(rω)2=12m(2a2)ga=mga.E_K=\frac12m(r\omega)^2 =\frac12m(2a^2)\frac ga=mga.

The elastic potential energy is

EE=3mg2a(a2)2=38mga.E_E=\frac{3mg}{2a}\left(\frac a2\right)^2 =\frac38mga.

Therefore the required sum is

EK+EE=mga+38mga=118mga.\boxed{E_K+E_E=mga+\frac38mga=\frac{11}{8}mga.}