A fixed point O is a distance 21a above a smooth horizontal table. The point A is on the table, vertically below O.
A light elastic string has natural length a and modulus of elasticity 3mg. One end of the elastic string is attached to O. The other end of the elastic string is attached to a particle P of mass m.
The particle P moves on the table in a circle centre A, radius r with the elastic string taut and angle POA=θ, where θ is a constant, as shown in Figure 6.
Given that P moves with constant angular speed ag
(a) show that OP=23a.
(8)
(b) Find, in terms of m and g, the magnitude of the force exerted on P by the table.
(4)
(c) Find, in terms of m, g and a, the sum of the kinetic energy of P and the elastic energy stored in the string. Give your answer in simplest form.
(4)
题目中文翻译
固定点 O 位于光滑水平桌面上方距离 21a 处。A 点位于桌面上,在 O 的正下方。
一根弹性轻绳的原长为 a,弹性模量为 3mg。绳的一端连接于 O,另一端连接于质量为 m 的质点 P。
如图 6 所示,质点 P 在桌面上沿以 A 为圆心、半径为 r 的圆周运动,弹性绳绷紧,且 ∠POA=θ,其中 θ 为常数。
已知 P 以恒定角速度 ag 运动,
(a) 证明 OP=23a。
(8)
(b) 用 m 和 g 表示桌面对 P 施加的力的大小。
(4)
(c) 用 m、g 和 a 表示 P 的动能与绳中弹性势能之和,以最简形式作答。
(4)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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水平圆周半径是 r,而 OP 是绳长。将水平向心方程、三角关系和胡克定律联立后,r 可以约去。
答题过程
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Let the string length be s=OP and its tension be T. Its extension is s−a, so
T=a3mg(s−a).
The angular speed satisfies ω2=g/a. Resolving horizontally towards A,
Tsinθ=mrω2=amrg.(1)
In triangle OAP,
sinθ=sr.
Substituting this and Hooke’s law into (1),
a3mg(s−a)sr=amrg.
As the circle has r>0, cancel mrg/a to obtain
s3(s−a)=1,3s−3a=s.
Hence
OP=s=23a.
(b)
解法一
思路
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竖直方向没有加速度,但张力向上的分量承担了一部分重力。因此桌面支持力小于 mg。
答题过程
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From part (a), the extension is a/2, so
T=a3mg2a=23mg.
Also
cosθ=OPOA=3a/2a/2=31.
Let R be the upward normal force exerted by the table. Vertical equilibrium gives