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M3 2025 June Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

A uniform rod ABAB has mass mm and length 2a2a.

The end AA is freely hinged to a fixed point.

A light elastic string has modulus of elasticity 2mg2mg and natural length LL.

One end of the elastic string is attached to the end BB of the rod.

The other end of the elastic string is attached to a fixed point CC, where ACAC is horizontal.

The rod rests in equilibrium with the elastic string taut and vertical and BC=1.2aBC=1.2a, as shown in Figure 1.

(a) Find, in terms of mm and gg, the tension in the elastic string.

(3)

(b) Find LL in terms of aa.

(4)
题目中文翻译

均匀杆 ABAB 的质量为 mm,长为 2a2a。

AA 端自由铰接于固定点。

一根弹性轻绳的弹性模量为 2mg2mg,原长为 LL。

绳的一端连接于杆的 BB 端,另一端连接于固定点 CC,其中 ACAC 水平。

如图 1 所示,杆静止平衡,弹性绳绷紧且竖直,BC=1.2aBC=1.2a。

(a) 用 mm 和 gg 表示弹性绳中的张力。

(3)

(b) 用 aa 表示 LL。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

重力和绳的张力都竖直,因此取关于铰链 AA 的力矩时,用各自的水平距离作力臂。均匀杆的质心在中点,其力臂是 BB 点力臂的一半。

答题过程

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Let TT be the tension. The rod is uniform, so its weight acts at the midpoint of ABAB. Since both the tension and weight are vertical, their perpendicular distances from AA are ACAC and AC/2AC/2 respectively.

Taking moments about AA eliminates the hinge force:

T⋅AC=mg⋅AC2.T\cdot AC=mg\cdot\frac{AC}{2}.

As AC>0AC>0,

T=12mg.\boxed{T=\frac12mg.}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

胡克定律的分母是未知原长 LL,伸长是 1.2a−L1.2a-L。将(a)的张力代入后完整解出 LL。

答题过程

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The actual string length is BC=1.2a=6a/5BC=1.2a=6a/5, so its extension is 6a/5−L6a/5-L. By Hooke’s law,

T=2mgL(6a5−L).T=\frac{2mg}{L}\left(\frac{6a}{5}-L\right).

Using T=mg/2T=mg/2 from part (a),

12mg=2mgL(6a5−L).\frac12mg=\frac{2mg}{L}\left(\frac{6a}{5}-L\right).

Cancelling mgmg and multiplying by LL,

L2=12a5−2L,5L2=12a5.\frac L2=\frac{12a}{5}-2L, \qquad \frac{5L}{2}=\frac{12a}{5}.

Therefore

L=24a25.\boxed{L=\frac{24a}{25}.}

This is less than the actual length 6a/56a/5, as required for a taut elastic string.