题目
1.
A uniform rod has mass and length .
The end is freely hinged to a fixed point.
A light elastic string has modulus of elasticity and natural length .
One end of the elastic string is attached to the end of the rod.
The other end of the elastic string is attached to a fixed point , where is horizontal.
The rod rests in equilibrium with the elastic string taut and vertical and , as shown in Figure 1.
(a) Find, in terms of and , the tension in the elastic string.
(b) Find in terms of .
题目中文翻译
均匀杆 的质量为 ,长为 。
端自由铰接于固定点。
一根弹性轻绳的弹性模量为 ,原长为 。
绳的一端连接于杆的 端,另一端连接于固定点 ,其中 水平。
如图 1 所示,杆静止平衡,弹性绳绷紧且竖直,。
(a) 用 和 表示弹性绳中的张力。
(b) 用 表示 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
重力和绳的张力都竖直,因此取关于铰链 的力矩时,用各自的水平距离作力臂。均匀杆的质心在中点,其力臂是 点力臂的一半。
答题过程
展开
Let be the tension. The rod is uniform, so its weight acts at the midpoint of . Since both the tension and weight are vertical, their perpendicular distances from are and respectively.
Taking moments about eliminates the hinge force:
As ,
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
胡克定律的分母是未知原长 ,伸长是 。将(a)的张力代入后完整解出 。
答题过程
展开
The actual string length is , so its extension is . By Hooke’s law,
Using from part (a),
Cancelling and multiplying by ,
Therefore
This is less than the actual length , as required for a taut elastic string.