A particle P of mass m lies at rest on a smooth horizontal table.
One end of a light elastic string, of natural length 3L and modulus of elasticity mg, is attached to P. The other end is attached to a point A on the table.
One end of a second light elastic string, of natural length 2L and modulus of elasticity 2mg, is also attached to P. The other end is attached to a point B on the table where AB=7L.
The particle P rests in equilibrium on the table at the point E, where AEB is a straight line and AE=4.5L, as shown in Figure 7.
The particle P is now held at the point C on AB, where AC=5L, and released.
(a) Show that P moves with simple harmonic motion with centre E and period πg3L
(7)
(b) Find, in terms of L and g, the maximum speed of P.
(3)
(c) Find, in terms of L and g, the exact amount of time, in any one oscillation, for which the speed of P is less than or equal to 12gL
(6)
题目中文翻译
质量为 m 的质点 P 静止于光滑水平桌面上。
一根原长为 3L、弹性模量为 mg 的弹性轻绳的一端连接于 P,另一端连接于桌面上的 A 点。
第二根弹性轻绳的原长为 2L,弹性模量为 2mg,一端也连接于 P,另一端连接于桌面上的 B 点,其中 AB=7L。
如图 7 所示,质点 P 静止平衡于桌面上的 E 点,A、E、B 共线,且 AE=4.5L。
现在将质点 P 保持在 AB 上的 C 点,其中 AC=5L,然后释放。
(a) 证明 P 做以 E 为中心、周期为 πg3L 的简谐运动。
(7)
(b) 用 L 和 g 表示 P 的最大速率。
(3)
(c) 用 L 和 g 表示在任意一次完整振动中,P 的速率小于或等于 12gL 的精确持续时间。
(6)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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从平衡点 E 向 B 量位移。两个绳的模量及原长不同,应分别代入胡克定律。还需检查振幅范围内没有真正的松绳运动段。
答题过程
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Let x be displacement from E towards B. Since AE=4.5L and EB=2.5L, the string extensions are
The acceleration is proportional to displacement from E and directed towards E, so the motion is SHM with
ω=3L4g.
The particle is released from rest at AC=5L, so its amplitude is b=5L−4.5L=L/2. For −L/2≤x≤L/2, eA is always positive and eB≥0. At the right-hand endpoint eB=0, but the resultant force points back towards E, so the particle immediately moves back into the region eB>0. There is no interval of slack-string motion.
The period is therefore
T=ω2π=2π4g3L=πg3L.
(b)
解法一
思路
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端点释放给出振幅 L/2。经过 E 时速率最大,等于振幅乘角频率。
答题过程
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The amplitude is b=L/2. Hence the maximum speed, reached at E, is