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M3 2026 Jan Q3

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

A particle PP is moving along a straight line.

At time tt seconds (t⩾0)(t\geqslant0), PP is a distance xx metres from a fixed point OO on the line and is moving away from OO with speed 8x3+x2 m s−1\dfrac{8x}{3+x^2}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

(a) Find the magnitude of the acceleration of PP when x=3x=3

(5)

Given that x=1x=1 when t=2t=2

(b) find the exact value of tt when x=3x=3

(5)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示所有计算步骤。

不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

质点 PP 沿直线运动。

在 tt 秒时 (t⩾0)(t\geqslant0),PP 距直线上的固定点 OO 为 xx 米,正以速率 8x3+x2 m s−1\dfrac{8x}{3+x^2}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 远离 OO 运动。

(a) 求 x=3x=3 时 PP 的加速度大小。

(5)

已知 t=2t=2 时 x=1x=1,

(b) 求 x=3x=3 时 tt 的精确值。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

用商法则求 dv/dx\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}x,再乘速度得到时间加速度。结果有方向,题目所求大小须取绝对值。

答题过程

展开

Take the direction away from OO as positive. Then

v=8x3+x2.v=\frac{8x}{3+x^2}.

By the quotient rule,

dvdx=8(3+x2)−8x(2x)(3+x2)2=8(3−x2)(3+x2)2.\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x} =\frac{8(3+x^2)-8x(2x)}{(3+x^2)^2} =\frac{8(3-x^2)}{(3+x^2)^2}.

Using the chain rule,

dvdt=dvdxdxdt=64x(3−x2)(3+x2)3.\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t} =\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x}\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t} =\frac{64x(3-x^2)}{(3+x^2)^3}.

At x=3x=3,

dvdt=64(3)(3−9)123=−23 m s−2.\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t} =\frac{64(3)(3-9)}{12^3}=-\frac23\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

Therefore the magnitude of the acceleration is

23 m s−2.\boxed{\frac23\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

分离变量后把被积式拆成对数项与幂次项。代入的是时刻 t=2t=2 的初始条件,最后给的是绝对时刻,不是经过的时间。

答题过程

展开

Since v=dx/dtv=\mathrm{d}x/\mathrm{d}t,

dxdt=8x3+x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}=\frac{8x}{3+x^2}.

For the motion from x=1x=1 to x=3x=3, x>0x>0. Separating variables,

∫(38x+x8) dx=∫dt.\int\left(\frac{3}{8x}+\frac x8\right)\,\mathrm{d}x =\int\mathrm{d}t.

Hence

38ln⁡x+x216=t+C.\frac38\ln x+\frac{x^2}{16}=t+C.

Using x=1x=1 when t=2t=2,

116=2+C,C=−3116.\frac1{16}=2+C, \qquad C=-\frac{31}{16}.

When x=3x=3,

38ln⁡3+916=t−3116.\frac38\ln3+\frac9{16}=t-\frac{31}{16}.

Therefore

t=(52+38ln⁡3) s.\boxed{t=\left(\frac52+\frac38\ln3\right)\,\mathrm{s}.}