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M3 2026 Jan Q5

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5.

A uniform rod ABAB has mass MM and length 3l3l

The rod is free to move in a vertical plane about a fixed smooth horizontal axis through BB

One end of a light elastic string, of natural length 2l2l and modulus of elasticity 5Mg8\dfrac{5Mg}8, is attached to the rod at AA

The other end of the string is attached to the fixed point CC, which is at a distance 3l3l vertically above BB, as shown in Figure 3.

The rod is resting in equilibrium with angle ABC=2θ\text{angle }ABC=2\theta, where 0<θ<12π0<\theta<\dfrac12\pi

By taking moments about the horizontal axis through BB, show that the extension of the string is 167l\dfrac{16}7l

(7)
题目中文翻译

均匀杆 ABAB 的质量为 MM,长为 3l3l。

杆可绕过 BB 的固定光滑水平轴在竖直平面内自由转动。

一根原长为 2l2l、弹性模量为 5Mg8\dfrac{5Mg}8 的弹性轻绳的一端连接于杆的 AA 点。

如图 3 所示,绳的另一端连接于固定点 CC,CC 位于 BB 正上方距离 3l3l 处。

杆静止平衡,∠ABC=2θ\angle ABC=2\theta,其中 0<θ<12π0<\theta<\dfrac12\pi。

对过 BB 的水平轴取力矩,证明绳的伸长量为 167l\dfrac{16}7l。

(7)

解答

解法一

思路

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必须先按题目要求绕 BB 取矩。等腰三角形给张力与杆的夹角,二倍角公式可消去一个余弦;再用绳长和三角形几何消去角度。

答题过程

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Let the string extension be ee, so AC=2l+eAC=2l+e. Since AB=BC=3lAB=BC=3l and ∠ABC=2θ\angle ABC=2\theta, triangle ABCABC is isosceles and

∠BAC=π2−θ.\angle BAC=\frac\pi2-\theta.

The component of the tension perpendicular to the rod is therefore Tcos⁡θT\cos\theta. The weight acts at the midpoint of the uniform rod, with horizontal lever arm (3l/2)sin⁡2θ(3l/2)\sin2\theta.

Taking moments about the horizontal axis through BB,

Mg3l2sin⁡2θ=Tcos⁡θ(3l).(1)Mg\frac{3l}{2}\sin2\theta=T\cos\theta(3l).\tag{1}

By Hooke’s law,

T=(5Mg/8)e2l=5Mg e16l.T=\frac{(5Mg/8)e}{2l}=\frac{5Mg\,e}{16l}.

Using sin⁡2θ=2sin⁡θcos⁡θ\sin2\theta=2\sin\theta\cos\theta in (1),

Mg3l2(2sin⁡θcos⁡θ)=5Mg e16lcos⁡θ(3l).Mg\frac{3l}{2}(2\sin\theta\cos\theta) =\frac{5Mg\,e}{16l}\cos\theta(3l).

As 0<θ<π/20<\theta<\pi/2, cos⁡θ>0\cos\theta>0. Cancelling 3lMgcos⁡θ3lMg\cos\theta gives

sin⁡θ=5e16l.(2)\sin\theta=\frac{5e}{16l}.\tag{2}

Bisecting the isosceles triangle at BB gives AC=6lsin⁡θAC=6l\sin\theta. Thus

sin⁡θ=2l+e6l.(3)\sin\theta=\frac{2l+e}{6l}.\tag{3}

Equating (2) and (3),

2l+e6l=5e16l,16(2l+e)=30e.\frac{2l+e}{6l}=\frac{5e}{16l}, \qquad 16(2l+e)=30e.

Hence 32l=14e32l=14e, giving

e=16l7.\boxed{e=\frac{16l}{7}.}

This gives sin⁡θ=5/7\sin\theta=5/7, consistent with the stated angle range.