题目
Problem
5.
A uniform rod AB has mass M and length 3l
The rod is free to move in a vertical plane about a fixed smooth horizontal axis through B
One end of a light elastic string, of natural length 2l and modulus of elasticity 85Mg, is attached to the rod at A
The other end of the string is attached to the fixed point C, which is at a distance 3l vertically above B, as shown in Figure 3.
The rod is resting in equilibrium with angle ABC=2θ, where 0<θ<21π
By taking moments about the horizontal axis through B, show that the extension of the string is 716l
(7)
题目中文翻译
均匀杆 AB 的质量为 M,长为 3l。
杆可绕过 B 的固定光滑水平轴在竖直平面内自由转动。
一根原长为 2l、弹性模量为 85Mg 的弹性轻绳的一端连接于杆的 A 点。
如图 3 所示,绳的另一端连接于固定点 C,C 位于 B 正上方距离 3l 处。
杆静止平衡,∠ABC=2θ,其中 0<θ<21π。
对过 B 的水平轴取力矩,证明绳的伸长量为 716l。
(7)
解答
解法一
思路
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必须先按题目要求绕 B 取矩。等腰三角形给张力与杆的夹角,二倍角公式可消去一个余弦;再用绳长和三角形几何消去角度。
答题过程
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Let the string extension be e, so AC=2l+e. Since AB=BC=3l and ∠ABC=2θ, triangle ABC is isosceles and
∠BAC=2π−θ.
The component of the tension perpendicular to the rod is therefore Tcosθ. The weight acts at the midpoint of the uniform rod, with horizontal lever arm (3l/2)sin2θ.
Taking moments about the horizontal axis through B,
Mg23lsin2θ=Tcosθ(3l).(1)
By Hooke’s law,
T=2l(5Mg/8)e=16l5Mge.
Using sin2θ=2sinθcosθ in (1),
Mg23l(2sinθcosθ)=16l5Mgecosθ(3l).
As 0<θ<π/2, cosθ>0. Cancelling 3lMgcosθ gives
sinθ=16l5e.(2)
Bisecting the isosceles triangle at B gives AC=6lsinθ. Thus
sinθ=6l2l+e.(3)
Equating (2) and (3),
6l2l+e=16l5e,16(2l+e)=30e.
Hence 32l=14e, giving
e=716l.
This gives sinθ=5/7, consistent with the stated angle range.