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M3 2026 June A Q2

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2026 June A Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

2.

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

A particle is moving along the xx-axis.

At time tt seconds, t⩾0t\geqslant0

  • the particle has velocity v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} in the positive xx direction
  • the particle has acceleration (3−82t+3) m s−2\big(3-\dfrac8{2t+3}\big)\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}} in the positive xx direction

When t=0t=0, the particle passes through the origin with velocity 2(ln⁡3) m s−12(\ln3)\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} in the positive xx direction.

(a) Use algebraic integration to show that v=pt+qln⁡(2t+3)+rln⁡3v=pt+q\ln(2t+3)+r\ln3, where pp, qq and rr are constants to be found.

(4)

(b) Use algebraic integration to find the distance of the particle from the origin at time t=3t=3, giving your answer to 33 significant figures.

(4)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示所有计算步骤。

不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

一个质点沿 xx 轴运动。

在 tt 秒时,t⩾0t\geqslant0,

  • 质点沿 xx 轴正方向的速度为 v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}};
  • 质点沿 xx 轴正方向的加速度为 (3−82t+3) m s−2\big(3-\dfrac8{2t+3}\big)\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

当 t=0t=0 时,质点以沿 xx 轴正方向的速度 2(ln⁡3) m s−12(\ln3)\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 经过原点。

(a) 用代数积分证明 v=pt+qln⁡(2t+3)+rln⁡3v=pt+q\ln(2t+3)+r\ln3,其中 pp、qq、rr 为待求常数。

(4)

(b) 用代数积分求 t=3t=3 时质点到原点的距离,答案保留 33 位有效数字。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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加速度是时间的函数,直接对时间积分。积分对数项时要包含内层函数导数带来的系数,再用初速度确定常数。

答题过程

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Since dv/dt=3−8/(2t+3)\mathrm dv/\mathrm dt=3-8/(2t+3),

v=∫(3−82t+3) dt=3t−4ln⁡(2t+3)+C.v=\int\left(3-\frac8{2t+3}\right)\,\mathrm dt =3t-4\ln(2t+3)+C.

Here 2t+3>02t+3>0 for t≥0t\ge0. The initial condition gives

2ln⁡3=−4ln⁡3+C⟹C=6ln⁡3.2\ln3=-4\ln3+C \quad\Longrightarrow\quad C=6\ln3.

Thus

v=3t−4ln⁡(2t+3)+6ln⁡3,p=3,q=−4,r=6.\boxed{v=3t-4\ln(2t+3)+6\ln3}, \qquad \boxed{p=3,\quad q=-4,\quad r=6}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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再对速度积分求位置。对 ln⁡(2t+3)\ln(2t+3) 使用分部积分,并用过原点的条件求第二个常数。最后检查位置与运动方向,才把位置值作为到原点的距离。

答题过程

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For the logarithmic term, integration by parts gives

∫ln⁡(2t+3) dt=tln⁡(2t+3)−∫2t2t+3 dt.\int\ln(2t+3)\,\mathrm dt =t\ln(2t+3)-\int\frac{2t}{2t+3}\,\mathrm dt.

Since 2t/(2t+3)=1−3/(2t+3)2t/(2t+3)=1-3/(2t+3),

∫ln⁡(2t+3) dt=tln⁡(2t+3)−t+32ln⁡(2t+3).\int\ln(2t+3)\,\mathrm dt =t\ln(2t+3)-t+\frac32\ln(2t+3).

Integrating the expression in (a),

x=32t2+(6ln⁡3)t−4tln⁡(2t+3)+4t−6ln⁡(2t+3)+D.x=\frac32t^2+(6\ln3)t-4t\ln(2t+3)+4t-6\ln(2t+3)+D.

At t=0t=0, x=0x=0, so D=6ln⁡3D=6\ln3. Therefore

x(3)=272+18ln⁡3−12ln⁡9+12−6ln⁡9+6ln⁡3=512−12ln⁡3.x(3)=\frac{27}{2}+18\ln3-12\ln9+12-6\ln9+6\ln3 =\frac{51}{2}-12\ln3.

Also, for t≥0t\ge0,

dvdt=3−82t+3≥13>0,\frac{\mathrm dv}{\mathrm dt}=3-\frac8{2t+3}\ge\frac13>0,

and v(0)=2ln⁡3>0v(0)=2\ln3>0. Hence the particle moves away from the origin throughout, and its distance from the origin at t=3t=3 is

512−12ln⁡3=12.3 m(3 s.f.).\boxed{\frac{51}{2}-12\ln3=12.3\ \mathrm m\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.}