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M3 2026 June A Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2026 June A Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

A thin fixed horizontal shelf ABAB has length 3a3a.

A particle of mass mm is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length 4a4a.

The other end of the string is attached to the underneath of the shelf at AA.

The particle is hanging at rest at CC, vertically below AA, when it is projected horizontally with speed uu.

The particle starts to move, with the string taut, in a vertical plane that is perpendicular to the plane of the shelf. The edge of the shelf is perpendicular to the circular path of the particle.

Air resistance is ignored.

When the string is horizontal, the string wraps round the end of the shelf and the particle continues to move in the vertical plane.

The particle follows the path CDECDE, as shown in Figure 5.

The point DD on the circular path of the particle is such that angle CAD=60∘\text{angle }CAD=60^\circ

(a) Find, in terms of mm, uu, aa and gg, the tension in the string at the instant when the particle is at DD.

(5)

The point EE is vertically above BB, with BE=aBE=a.

Given that the particle is still moving in a vertical circle when it reaches EE

(b) show that u⩾11gau\geqslant\sqrt{11ga}

(3)

At the instant when the particle is at EE, the particle breaks free from the string.

The particle moves freely under gravity and first lands on the shelf at the point FF.

Given that u=12gau=\sqrt{12ga}

(c) find, in terms of aa, the distance BFBF.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一块固定的水平薄搁板 ABAB 长为 3a3a。

质量为 mm 的质点连接于一根长为 4a4a 的不可伸长轻绳的一端,另一端连接于搁板下侧的 AA 点。

质点静止悬挂于 AA 正下方的 CC 点,然后以速率 uu 水平发射。

质点开始在垂直于搁板平面的竖直平面内运动,绳绷紧。搁板边缘垂直于质点的圆周运动路径。

忽略空气阻力。

绳水平时,绳绕过搁板端部,质点继续在该竖直平面内运动。

如图 5 所示,质点沿路径 CDECDE 运动。

质点圆周路径上的 DD 点满足 ∠CAD=60∘\angle CAD=60^\circ。

(a) 用 mm、uu、aa 和 gg 表示质点位于 DD 的瞬间绳中的张力。

(5)

EE 点位于 BB 正上方,BE=aBE=a。

已知质点到达 EE 时仍在做竖直圆周运动,

(b) 证明 u⩾11gau\geqslant\sqrt{11ga}。

(3)

质点位于 EE 的瞬间挣脱绳,随后仅在重力作用下自由运动,并首次落在搁板上的 FF 点。

已知 u=12gau=\sqrt{12ga},

(c) 用 aa 表示距离 BFBF。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

到 DD 时仍绕 AA 做半径 4a4a 的圆周运动。先由上升高度求速率,再沿指向 AA 的径向分解;重力的径向分量背离圆心。

答题过程

展开

From CC to DD, the rise is

4a−4acos⁡60∘=2a.4a-4a\cos60^\circ=2a.

If the speed at DD is vv, conservation of energy gives

12mu2=12mv2+mg(2a)⟹v2=u2−4ag.\frac12mu^2=\frac12mv^2+mg(2a) \quad\Longrightarrow\quad v^2=u^2-4ag.

Taking radially towards AA as positive at DD,

TD−mgcos⁡60∘=mv24a.T_D-mg\cos60^\circ=\frac{mv^2}{4a}.

Substitution gives

TD=m(u2−4ag)4a+mg2,TD=mu24a−mg2.T_D=\frac{m(u^2-4ag)}{4a}+\frac{mg}{2}, \qquad \boxed{T_D=\frac{mu^2}{4a}-\frac{mg}{2}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

绳绕过搁板后,剩余自由长度为 aa,所以到 EE 时的圆心是 BB、半径是 aa。使用从最初位置起的总上升高度 5a5a,再用最高点张力非负的条件。

答题过程

展开

After the string wraps around the shelf, the length along ABAB is 3a3a, leaving a free length 4a−3a=a4a-3a=a. Thus EE is the top of a circle centred at BB with radius aa.

The rise from CC to EE is 4a+a=5a4a+a=5a. If the speed at EE is ww, energy conservation gives

12mu2=12mw2+mg(5a),w2=u2−10ga.\frac12mu^2=\frac12mw^2+mg(5a), \qquad w^2=u^2-10ga.

At EE, the tension and weight both act downwards towards BB:

TE+mg=mw2a.T_E+mg=\frac{mw^2}{a}.

The string cannot push, so TE≥0T_E\ge0. Consequently,

w2≥ag⟹u2−10ga≥ga.w^2\ge ag \quad\Longrightarrow\quad u^2-10ga\ge ga.

Since uu is positive,

u≥11ga.\boxed{u\ge\sqrt{11ga}}.

Equality corresponds to zero tension at the top while the speed remains ag>0\sqrt{ag}>0, so it is the limiting circular-motion case.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

到达小圆最高点时速度水平向左。挣脱后从高为 aa 的位置作平抛,竖直初速度为零;先求下落时间,再算水平距离并检查落点在搁板上。

答题过程

展开

Using u2=12gau^2=12ga in (b),

w2=12ga−10ga=2ga,w=2ga.w^2=12ga-10ga=2ga, \qquad w=\sqrt{2ga}.

At the top EE, the velocity is horizontal towards AA. The particle falls a vertical distance aa with zero initial vertical velocity. Hence

a=12gt2⟹t=2ag.a=\frac12gt^2 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad t=\sqrt{\frac{2a}{g}}.

The horizontal distance travelled from the vertical line through BB is

BF=wt=2ga2ag=2a.\boxed{BF=wt=\sqrt{2ga}\sqrt{\frac{2a}{g}}=2a}.

Since 2a<AB=3a2a<AB=3a, the first intersection with shelf level lies on the shelf, between AA and BB.