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M3 2026 June Q2

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2026 June Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

2.

Figure 1 shows a uniform rod ABAB of mass MM and length 3a3a.

The rod is smoothly hinged at AA to a fixed point so that the rod can rotate in a vertical plane.

A small smooth ring is fixed at point CC, a distance 3a3a from AA, on the same horizontal level as AA and in the same vertical plane as ABAB.

One end of a light elastic string is attached to AA. The string passes through the ring at CC and the other end of the string is attached to BB.

The rod rests in equilibrium with angle BCA=θ∘\text{angle }BCA=\theta^\circ, where 0<θ<450<\theta<45

(a) Show that the tension in the string is Mgcos⁡(2θ∘)2sin⁡θ∘\dfrac{Mg\cos(2\theta^\circ)}{2\sin\theta^\circ}

(3)

Given that the string has natural length 3a3a and modulus of elasticity 25Mg\dfrac25Mg,

(b) show that tan⁡(2θ∘)=54\tan(2\theta^\circ)=\dfrac54

(4)
题目中文翻译

图 1 所示的均匀杆 ABAB 的质量为 MM,长为 3a3a。

杆在 AA 点光滑铰接于固定点,可在竖直平面内转动。

一个光滑小环固定于 CC 点,CC 距 AA 为 3a3a,与 AA 等高,且位于 ABAB 所在的竖直平面内。

弹性轻绳的一端连接于 AA,绳穿过 CC 点的小环,另一端连接于 BB。

杆静止平衡,∠BCA=θ∘\angle BCA=\theta^\circ,其中 0<θ<450<\theta<45。

(a) 证明绳中的张力为 Mgcos⁡(2θ∘)2sin⁡θ∘\dfrac{Mg\cos(2\theta^\circ)}{2\sin\theta^\circ}。

(3)

已知绳的原长为 3a3a,弹性模量为 25Mg\dfrac25Mg,

(b) 证明 tan⁡(2θ∘)=54\tan(2\theta^\circ)=\dfrac54。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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三角形 ABCABC 是等腰三角形,可由底角求杆与水平线的夹角。绕铰链 AA 取矩,消去铰链反力,并使用均匀杆中点的重力力臂。

答题过程

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Since AB=AC=3aAB=AC=3a, the base angles at BB and CC are both θ∘\theta^\circ. Thus

∠BAC=180∘−2θ∘,\angle BAC=180^\circ-2\theta^\circ,

and the rod makes angle 2θ∘2\theta^\circ above the horizontal to the right of AA.

Let the string tension be TT. Taking moments about AA, the tension at BB has moment arm 3asin⁡θ∘3a\sin\theta^\circ. The weight acts at the midpoint of the rod, with horizontal moment arm (3a/2)cos⁡(2θ∘)(3a/2)\cos(2\theta^\circ). Therefore

T(3asin⁡θ∘)=Mg(3a2cos⁡(2θ∘)).T(3a\sin\theta^\circ)=Mg\left(\frac{3a}{2}\cos(2\theta^\circ)\right).

Since 0<θ<450<\theta<45, sin⁡θ∘>0\sin\theta^\circ>0, so

T=Mgcos⁡(2θ∘)2sin⁡θ∘.\boxed{T=\frac{Mg\cos(2\theta^\circ)}{2\sin\theta^\circ}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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整根绳的原长恰好等于 ACAC,因此整根绳的伸长量等于 BCBC,而不是 BC−3aBC-3a。先求 BCBC,再将胡克定律与第(a)问的张力相等。

答题过程

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In the isosceles triangle ABCABC, projecting the two equal sides onto BCBC gives

BC=2(3a)cos⁡θ∘=6acos⁡θ∘.BC=2(3a)\cos\theta^\circ=6a\cos\theta^\circ.

The string has total length AC+CB=3a+6acos⁡θ∘AC+CB=3a+6a\cos\theta^\circ. Its extension beyond natural length 3a3a is therefore 6acos⁡θ∘6a\cos\theta^\circ. By Hooke’s law,

T=(2Mg/5)(6acos⁡θ∘)3a=45Mgcos⁡θ∘.T=\frac{(2Mg/5)(6a\cos\theta^\circ)}{3a} =\frac45Mg\cos\theta^\circ.

Equating this with (a),

45Mgcos⁡θ∘=Mgcos⁡(2θ∘)2sin⁡θ∘,\frac45Mg\cos\theta^\circ =\frac{Mg\cos(2\theta^\circ)}{2\sin\theta^\circ},

so

85sin⁡θ∘cos⁡θ∘=cos⁡(2θ∘)⟹45sin⁡(2θ∘)=cos⁡(2θ∘).\frac85\sin\theta^\circ\cos\theta^\circ=\cos(2\theta^\circ) \quad\Longrightarrow\quad \frac45\sin(2\theta^\circ)=\cos(2\theta^\circ).

Since 0<2θ<900<2\theta<90, division by the positive cosine is valid. Hence

tan⁡(2θ∘)=54.\boxed{\tan(2\theta^\circ)=\frac54}.