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M3 2026 June Q4

A Level / Edexcel / M3

IAL 2026 June Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4.

The shaded region shown in Figure 3 is bounded by the positive xx-axis, the positive yy-axis and the curve with equation (x+3)2+y2=25(x+3)^2+y^2=25

The unit of length on both of the axes is 1 m1\,\mathrm{m}.

The shaded region is rotated through 2π2\pi radians about the xx-axis to form a solid of revolution which is used to model a uniform solid SS.

The volume of SS is 523π m3\dfrac{52}3\pi\,\mathrm{m^3}

(a) Show, using algebraic integration, that the centre of mass of SS is 913 m\dfrac9{13}\,\mathrm{m} from OO.

(6)

A solid TT, which is the same size and shape as SS, is removed from a uniform solid hemisphere of radius 4 m4\,\mathrm{m}. The plane face of TT is the plane face of the hemisphere.

The solid remaining is in the shape of a bowl, shown in Figure 4, where AA and BB are points on the circular rim of the bowl and ABAB is a diameter of the rim.

The centre of mass of the bowl is dd metres from the midpoint of ABAB.

(b) Show that d=3919d=\dfrac{39}{19}

(4)

The bowl is now suspended from AA and hangs freely in equilibrium with ABAB at θ∘\theta^\circ to the downward vertical.

(c) Find the value of θ\theta

(2)
题目中文翻译

图 3 所示的阴影区域由 xx 轴正半轴、yy 轴正半轴及曲线 (x+3)2+y2=25(x+3)^2+y^2=25 围成。

两个坐标轴上的长度单位均为 1 m1\,\mathrm{m}。

将阴影区域绕 xx 轴旋转 2π2\pi 弧度,形成旋转体,用来模拟均匀立体 SS。

SS 的体积为 523π m3\dfrac{52}3\pi\,\mathrm{m^3}。

(a) 用代数积分证明 SS 的质心到 OO 的距离为 913 m\dfrac9{13}\,\mathrm{m}。

(6)

从半径为 4 m4\,\mathrm{m} 的均匀实心半球中挖去与 SS 大小、形状相同的立体 TT。TT 的平面底面与半球的平面底面重合。

剩余立体的形状为图 4 所示的碗,AA、BB 位于碗口圆周上,ABAB 是碗口的直径。

碗的质心到 ABAB 中点的距离为 dd 米。

(b) 证明 d=3919d=\dfrac{39}{19}。

(4)

现在将碗从 AA 悬挂,使其自由悬挂平衡,ABAB 与竖直向下方向成 θ∘\theta^\circ 角。

(c) 求 θ\theta 的值。

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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绕 xx 轴旋转,圆盘截面积要用 πy2\pi y^2。积分范围由曲线与正 xx 轴的交点决定;将质量矩除以给定体积,密度会约去。

答题过程

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On the positive xx-axis, (x+3)2=25(x+3)^2=25 gives x=2x=2. For 0≤x≤20\le x\le2,

y2=25−(x+3)2=16−6x−x2.y^2=25-(x+3)^2=16-6x-x^2.

Let ρ\rho be the uniform density. The first mass moment about the plane x=0x=0 is

J=ρπ∫02x(16−6x−x2) dx=ρπ∫02(16x−6x2−x3) dx.J=\rho\pi\int_0^2x(16-6x-x^2)\,\mathrm dx =\rho\pi\int_0^2(16x-6x^2-x^3)\,\mathrm dx.

Algebraic integration gives

J=ρπ[8x2−2x3−x44]02=ρπ(32−16−4)=12ρπ.J=\rho\pi\left[8x^2-2x^3-\frac{x^4}{4}\right]_0^2 =\rho\pi(32-16-4)=12\rho\pi.

Using the given volume 52π/352\pi/3, the mass is 52ρπ/352\rho\pi/3. Hence

xˉ=12ρπ52ρπ/3=913 m.\bar x=\frac{12\rho\pi}{52\rho\pi/3} =\boxed{\frac9{13}\ \mathrm m}.

By rotational symmetry the centre of mass lies on the xx-axis, so this is its distance from OO.

(b)

解法一

思路

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以碗口平面为共同参考面,将挖掉的立体作为负质量。实心半球质心距平面为 3r/83r/8,挖去部分的质心距离承接第(a)问。

答题过程

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Let HH be the midpoint of ABAB and measure depth perpendicular to the rim plane into the bowl. The original hemisphere has volume and centre-of-mass depth

VH=23π(4)3=128π3,zH=3(4)8=32 m.V_H=\frac23\pi(4)^3=\frac{128\pi}{3}, \qquad z_H=\frac{3(4)}8=\frac32\ \mathrm m.

The removed solid has volume 52π/352\pi/3 and centre-of-mass depth 9/13 m9/13\ \mathrm m. Using a common density ρ\rho, subtraction of mass moments gives

ρ(128π3−52π3)d=ρ128π332−ρ52π3913.\rho\left(\frac{128\pi}{3}-\frac{52\pi}{3}\right)d =\rho\frac{128\pi}{3}\frac32 -\rho\frac{52\pi}{3}\frac9{13}.

Thus

763d=64−12=52⟹d=3919 m.\frac{76}{3}d=64-12=52 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad \boxed{d=\frac{39}{19}\ \mathrm m}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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自由悬挂时,悬点 AA 与质心 GG 的连线竖直向下。利用原来互相垂直的 AHAH 和 HGHG 求出 ABAB 与这条竖直线的夹角。

答题过程

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Let GG be the centre of mass and HH the midpoint of ABAB. By symmetry, HGHG is perpendicular to the rim plane, with

AH=4 m,HG=3919 m.AH=4\ \mathrm m,\qquad HG=\frac{39}{19}\ \mathrm m.

When the bowl hangs freely from AA, AGAG is vertically downwards. Since AHAH lies along ABAB, the required angle is ∠HAG\angle HAG. In the right triangle AHGAHG,

tan⁡θ∘=HGAH=39/194=3976.\tan\theta^\circ=\frac{HG}{AH}=\frac{39/19}{4}=\frac{39}{76}.

Therefore

θ=tan⁡−1 ⁣(3976)=27.2(3 s.f.).\boxed{\theta=\tan^{-1}\!\left(\frac{39}{76}\right)=27.2\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.}