题目
Problem
The curve C has equation
y=x4+k,
where k is a positive constant.
(a) Sketch a graph of C, stating the equation of the horizontal asymptote and the coordinates of the point of intersection with the x-axis.
(3)
The line with equation y=10−2x is a tangent to C.
(b) Find the possible values for k.
(5)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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y=x4 向上平移 k 个单位,所以水平渐近线是 y=k。求 x 轴截距时令 y=0。
答题过程
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The horizontal asymptote is
y=k.
For the x-intercept,
0=kx=x=x4+k−4−k4.
So the curve crosses the x-axis at
(−k4,0).
(b)
解法一
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切线与曲线只有一个交点。联立直线和曲线后得到关于 x 的二次方程;只有一个交点意味着判别式等于 0。
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At the point of contact,
10−2x=x4+k.
Multiply by x:
10x−2x2=2x2+(k−10)x+4=4+kx0.
For tangency,
(k−10)2−4(2)(4)=(k−10)2=k−10=032±42.
Therefore
k=10±42.
解法二
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也可以用切线斜率。直线斜率是 −2,曲线的导数在切点也必须等于 −2。先找切点的 x 坐标,再代回两条式子求 k。
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For
y=x4+k,
we have
dxdy=−x24.
Since the tangent has gradient −2,
−x24=x2=x=−22±2.
On the line y=10−2x.
If x=2,
y=10−22.
Substitute into y=x4+k:
10−22==24+k22+k,
so
k=10−42.
If x=−2,
y=10+22.
Then
10+22==−24+k−22+k,
so
k=10+42.
Therefore
k=10±42.