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IAL 2019 Oct Q6

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2019 Oct Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

The curve CC has equation

y=4x+k,\begin{align*} y=\frac4x+k, \end{align*}

where kk is a positive constant.

(a) Sketch a graph of CC, stating the equation of the horizontal asymptote and the coordinates of the point of intersection with the xx-axis.

(3)

The line with equation y=102xy=10-2x is a tangent to CC.

(b) Find the possible values for kk.

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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y=4xy=\frac4x 向上平移 kk 个单位,所以水平渐近线是 y=ky=k。求 xx 轴截距时令 y=0y=0

答题过程

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The horizontal asymptote is

y=k.\begin{align*} y=k. \end{align*}

For the xx-intercept,

0=4x+kkx=4x=4k.\begin{align*} 0=&\,\frac4x+k\\ kx=&\,-4\\ x=&\,-\frac4k. \end{align*}

So the curve crosses the xx-axis at

(4k,0).\begin{align*} \left(-\frac4k,0\right). \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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切线与曲线只有一个交点。联立直线和曲线后得到关于 xx 的二次方程;只有一个交点意味着判别式等于 00

答题过程

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At the point of contact,

102x=4x+k.\begin{align*} 10-2x=&\,\frac4x+k. \end{align*}

Multiply by xx:

10x2x2=4+kx2x2+(k10)x+4=0.\begin{align*} 10x-2x^2=&\,4+kx\\ 2x^2+(k-10)x+4=&\,0. \end{align*}

For tangency,

(k10)24(2)(4)=0(k10)2=32k10=±42.\begin{align*} (k-10)^2-4(2)(4)=&\,0\\ (k-10)^2=&\,32\\ k-10=&\,\pm4\sqrt2. \end{align*}

Therefore

k=10±42.\begin{align*} k=10\pm4\sqrt2. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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也可以用切线斜率。直线斜率是 2-2,曲线的导数在切点也必须等于 2-2。先找切点的 xx 坐标,再代回两条式子求 kk

答题过程

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For

y=4x+k,\begin{align*} y=\frac4x+k, \end{align*}

we have

dydx=4x2.\begin{align*} \frac{dy}{dx}=-\frac{4}{x^2}. \end{align*}

Since the tangent has gradient 2-2,

4x2=2x2=2x=±2.\begin{align*} -\frac4{x^2}=&\,-2\\ x^2=&\,2\\ x=&\,\pm\sqrt2. \end{align*}

On the line y=102xy=10-2x.

If x=2x=\sqrt2,

y=1022.\begin{align*} y=10-2\sqrt2. \end{align*}

Substitute into y=4x+ky=\frac4x+k:

1022=42+k=22+k,\begin{align*} 10-2\sqrt2 =&\,\frac4{\sqrt2}+k\\ =&\,2\sqrt2+k, \end{align*}

so

k=1042.\begin{align*} k=10-4\sqrt2. \end{align*}

If x=2x=-\sqrt2,

y=10+22.\begin{align*} y=10+2\sqrt2. \end{align*}

Then

10+22=42+k=22+k,\begin{align*} 10+2\sqrt2 =&\,\frac4{-\sqrt2}+k\\ =&\,-2\sqrt2+k, \end{align*}

so

k=10+42.\begin{align*} k=10+4\sqrt2. \end{align*}

Therefore

k=10±42.\begin{align*} k=10\pm4\sqrt2. \end{align*}