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IAL 2020 Jan Q3

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2020 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

Figure 1 shows part of the curve with equation y=x2+3x2y=x^2+3x-2.

Figure 1

The point P(3,16)P(3,16) lies on the curve.

(a) Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at PP.

(2)

The point QQ with xx coordinate 3+h3+h also lies on the curve.

(b) Find, in terms of hh, the gradient of the line PQPQ. Write your answer in simplest form.

(3)

(c) Explain briefly the relationship between the answer to (b) and the answer to (a).

(1)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

切线斜率就是导数在 x=3x=3 时的值。

答题过程

展开 y=x2+3x2,dydx=2x+3.\begin{align*} y=&\,x^2+3x-2,\\ \frac{dy}{dx}=&\,2x+3. \end{align*}

At x=3x=3,

dydx=2(3)+3=9.\begin{align*} \frac{dy}{dx}=2(3)+3=9. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先求 QQyy 坐标,再用两点斜率公式。这里 PP 的坐标是 (3,16)(3,16)QQ 的横坐标是 3+h3+h

答题过程

展开

For QQ,

yQ=(3+h)2+3(3+h)2=9+6h+h2+9+3h2=16+9h+h2.\begin{align*} y_Q=&\,(3+h)^2+3(3+h)-2\\ =&\,9+6h+h^2+9+3h-2\\ =&\,16+9h+h^2. \end{align*}

Therefore

gradient of PQ=(16+9h+h2)16(3+h)3=9h+h2h=9+h.\begin{align*} \text{gradient of }PQ =&\,\frac{(16+9h+h^2)-16}{(3+h)-3}\\ =&\,\frac{9h+h^2}{h}\\ =&\,9+h. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

hh 越来越接近 00 时,点 QQ 越来越接近点 PP,割线 PQPQ 的斜率会趋近于切线斜率。

答题过程

展开

As h0h\to0,

9+h9.\begin{align*} 9+h\to9. \end{align*}

So the gradient of PQPQ tends to the gradient of the tangent at PP.