题目
Problem
Figure 1 shows part of the curve with equation y=x2+3x−2.
Figure 1
The point P(3,16) lies on the curve.
(a) Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at P.
(2)
The point Q with x coordinate 3+h also lies on the curve.
(b) Find, in terms of h, the gradient of the line PQ. Write your answer in simplest form.
(3)
(c) Explain briefly the relationship between the answer to (b) and the answer to (a).
(1)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
切线斜率就是导数在 x=3 时的值。
答题过程
展开
y=dxdy=x2+3x−2,2x+3.
At x=3,
dxdy=2(3)+3=9.
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
先求 Q 的 y 坐标,再用两点斜率公式。这里 P 的坐标是 (3,16),Q 的横坐标是 3+h。
答题过程
展开
For Q,
yQ===(3+h)2+3(3+h)−29+6h+h2+9+3h−216+9h+h2.
Therefore
gradient of PQ===(3+h)−3(16+9h+h2)−16h9h+h29+h.
(c)
解法一
思路
展开
当 h 越来越接近 0 时,点 Q 越来越接近点 P,割线 PQ 的斜率会趋近于切线斜率。
答题过程
展开
As h→0,
9+h→9.
So the gradient of PQ tends to the gradient of the tangent at P.