Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2023 Oct Q3

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2023 Oct Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

(a) Write

81523+5\begin{align*} \frac{8-\sqrt{15}}{2\sqrt3+\sqrt5} \end{align*}

in the form a3+b5a\sqrt3+b\sqrt5 where aa and bb are integers to be found.

(3)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve

(x+53)5=402x3,\begin{align*} (x+5\sqrt3)\sqrt5=40-2x\sqrt3, \end{align*}

giving your answer in simplest form.

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

分母是 23+52\sqrt3+\sqrt5,所以乘以共轭 2352\sqrt3-\sqrt5 来有理化。展开时要特别小心 153=35\sqrt{15}\sqrt3=3\sqrt5155=53\sqrt{15}\sqrt5=5\sqrt3

答题过程

展开 81523+5=(815)(235)(23+5)(235)=16385245+75125=1638565+537=2131457=3325.\begin{align*} \frac{8-\sqrt{15}}{2\sqrt3+\sqrt5} =&\,\frac{(8-\sqrt{15})(2\sqrt3-\sqrt5)} {(2\sqrt3+\sqrt5)(2\sqrt3-\sqrt5)}\\ =&\,\frac{16\sqrt3-8\sqrt5-2\sqrt{45}+\sqrt{75}} {12-5}\\ =&\,\frac{16\sqrt3-8\sqrt5-6\sqrt5+5\sqrt3}{7}\\ =&\,\frac{21\sqrt3-14\sqrt5}{7}\\ =&\,3\sqrt3-2\sqrt5. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先把含 xx 的项移到同一边,得到一个和 (a) 相同分母结构的式子。然后直接使用 (a) 的有理化结果。

答题过程

展开

Starting with

(x+53)5=402x3,\begin{align*} (x+5\sqrt3)\sqrt5=&\,40-2x\sqrt3, \end{align*}

expand and collect the xx terms:

x5+515=402x3x5+2x3=40515x(23+5)=40515.\begin{align*} x\sqrt5+5\sqrt{15}=&\,40-2x\sqrt3\\ x\sqrt5+2x\sqrt3=&\,40-5\sqrt{15}\\ x(2\sqrt3+\sqrt5)=&\,40-5\sqrt{15}. \end{align*}

So

x=4051523+5=5(81523+5).\begin{align*} x =&\,\frac{40-5\sqrt{15}}{2\sqrt3+\sqrt5}\\ =&\,5\left(\frac{8-\sqrt{15}}{2\sqrt3+\sqrt5}\right). \end{align*}

Using part (a),

x=5(3325)=153105.\begin{align*} x =&\,5(3\sqrt3-2\sqrt5)\\ =&\,15\sqrt3-10\sqrt5. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

独立于第一问的两边平方求解法(Otherwise)。 我们可以在不依赖第一问结果的情况下直接求解。先展开原方程得到 x5+515=402x3x\sqrt5 + 5\sqrt{15} = 40 - 2x\sqrt3。 由于项中含有两种根式,我们可以通过将等号两边同时平方来消去根项。 平方后进行同类项合并,会得到关于 xx 的一元二次方程 7x22103x+1225=07x^2 - 210\sqrt{3}x + 1225 = 0,除以 77 得到 x2303x+175=0x^2 - 30\sqrt{3}x + 175 = 0。 使用配方法求出 x=153±105x = 15\sqrt3 \pm 10\sqrt5,由于平方可能引入增根,我们将解代入原方程检验,最终确定符合要求的正解为 x=153105x = 15\sqrt{3} - 10\sqrt{5}

答题过程

展开

Expand the equation:

x5+515=402x3\begin{align*} x\sqrt{5} + 5\sqrt{15} = 40 - 2x\sqrt{3} \end{align*}

Square both sides of the equation:

(x5+515)2=(402x3)25x2+1075x+375=16001603x+12x25x2+503x+375=16001603x+12x27x22103x+1225=0.\begin{align*} (x\sqrt{5} + 5\sqrt{15})^2 =&\,\, (40 - 2x\sqrt{3})^2\\[3mm] 5x^2 + 10\sqrt{75}x + 375 =&\,\, 1600 - 160\sqrt{3}x + 12x^2\\[3mm] 5x^2 + 50\sqrt{3}x + 375 =&\,\, 1600 - 160\sqrt{3}x + 12x^2\\[3mm] 7x^2 - 210\sqrt{3}x + 1225 =&\,\, 0. \end{align*}

Divide the entire equation by 7:

x2303x+175=0x^2 - 30\sqrt{3}x + 175 = 0

Solve by completing the square:

(x153)2675+175=0(x153)2=500x153=±500x153=±105x=153±105.\begin{align*} (x - 15\sqrt{3})^2 - 675 + 175 =&\,\, 0\\[3mm] (x - 15\sqrt{3})^2 =&\,\, 500\\[3mm] x - 15\sqrt{3} =&\,\, \pm \sqrt{500}\\[3mm] x - 15\sqrt{3} =&\,\, \pm 10\sqrt{5}\\[3mm] x =&\,\, 15\sqrt{3} \pm 10\sqrt{5}. \end{align*}

We test both potential solutions in the original equation.

For x=153+105x = 15\sqrt{3} + 10\sqrt{5}:

LHS=(153+105)5+515=1515+50+515=2015+50,RHS=402(153+105)3=40902015=502015.\begin{align*} \text{LHS} =&\,\, (15\sqrt{3} + 10\sqrt{5})\sqrt{5} + 5\sqrt{15}\\[3mm] =&\,\, 15\sqrt{15} + 50 + 5\sqrt{15}\\[3mm] =&\,\, 20\sqrt{15} + 50,\\[3mm] \text{RHS} =&\,\, 40 - 2(15\sqrt{3} + 10\sqrt{5})\sqrt{3}\\[3mm] =&\,\, 40 - 90 - 20\sqrt{15}\\[3mm] =&\,\, -50 - 20\sqrt{15}. \end{align*}

Since LHSRHS\text{LHS} \neq \text{RHS}, x=153+105x = 15\sqrt{3} + 10\sqrt{5} is an extraneous solution.

For x=153105x = 15\sqrt{3} - 10\sqrt{5}:

LHS=(153105)5+515=151550+515=201550,RHS=402(153105)3=4090+2015=201550.\begin{align*} \text{LHS} =&\,\, (15\sqrt{3} - 10\sqrt{5})\sqrt{5} + 5\sqrt{15}\\[3mm] =&\,\, 15\sqrt{15} - 50 + 5\sqrt{15}\\[3mm] =&\,\, 20\sqrt{15} - 50,\\[3mm] \text{RHS} =&\,\, 40 - 2(15\sqrt{3} - 10\sqrt{5})\sqrt{3}\\[3mm] =&\,\, 40 - 90 + 20\sqrt{15}\\[3mm] =&\,\, 20\sqrt{15} - 50. \end{align*}

\begin{align*} Since LHS=RHS\text{LHS} = \text{RHS}, the correct solution is: \end{align*}

x=153105.x = 15\sqrt{3} - 10\sqrt{5}.