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IAL 2024 Jan Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

(a) By substituting p=2xp=2^x, show that

2×4x2x+3=17×2x14\begin{align*} 2\times4^x-2^{x+3}=17\times2^{x-1}-4 \end{align*}

can be written as

4p233p+8=0.\begin{align*} 4p^2-33p+8=0. \end{align*}
(3)

(b) Hence solve

2×4x2x+3=17×2x14.\begin{align*} 2\times4^x-2^{x+3}=17\times2^{x-1}-4. \end{align*}
(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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p=2xp=2^x 后,要把所有含 xx 的指数项都改写成 pp。其中 4x=(22)x=(2x)2=p24^x=(2^2)^x=(2^x)^2=p^2,而 2x+3=8p2^{x+3}=8p2x1=12p2^{x-1}=\frac12p

答题过程

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Let

p=2x.\begin{align*} p=2^x. \end{align*}

Then

4x=(22)x=(2x)2=p2,2x+3=2x23=8p,2x1=2x2=p2.\begin{align*} 4^x=&\,(2^2)^x=(2^x)^2=p^2,\\ 2^{x+3}=&\,2^x\cdot2^3=8p,\\ 2^{x-1}=&\,\frac{2^x}{2}=\frac p2. \end{align*}

So

2×4x2x+3=17×2x142p28p=17p24.\begin{align*} 2\times4^x-2^{x+3} =&\,17\times2^{x-1}-4\\ 2p^2-8p=&\,\frac{17p}{2}-4. \end{align*}

Multiplying by 22 gives

4p216p=17p84p233p+8=0.\begin{align*} 4p^2-16p=&\,17p-8\\ 4p^2-33p+8=&\,0. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a),先解关于 pp 的二次方程,再由 p=2xp=2^x 回到 xx。注意 p=2xp=2^x 必须为正;本题两个 pp 值都为正,所以都可以使用。

答题过程

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From part (a),

4p233p+8=0(4p1)(p8)=0.\begin{align*} 4p^2-33p+8=&\,0\\ (4p-1)(p-8)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Hence

p=14orp=8.\begin{align*} p=\frac14 \quad\text{or}\quad p=8. \end{align*}

Since p=2xp=2^x,

2x=14=22or2x=8=23.\begin{align*} 2^x=&\,\frac14=2^{-2} &&\text{or} &2^x=&\,8=2^3. \end{align*}

Therefore

x=2orx=3.\begin{align*} x=-2 \quad\text{or}\quad x=3. \end{align*}