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P1 2024 May R Q9

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2024 May (R) Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

Figure 3 shows a sketch of

  • the curve with equation y=tan⁡(x−π6)y=\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right) for 0≤x≤2π0\le x\le2\pi
  • part of the straight line ll with equation y=π−xy=\pi-x

(a) State the number of solutions of the equation

(i) tan⁡(x−π6)=π−x\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi-x in the interval 0≤x≤2π0\le x\le2\pi

(ii) tan⁡(x−π6)=π−x\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi-x in the interval 0≤x≤100π0\le x\le100\pi

(iii) tan⁡(x−π6)=π+x\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi+x in the interval 0≤x≤2π0\le x\le2\pi

(3)

The line with equation x=ax=a, shown in Figure 3, is the asymptote to the curve with the smallest positive xx coordinate.

(b) State the value of aa.

(1)

The line with equation x=bx=b, also shown in Figure 3, is the asymptote to the curve with the second smallest positive xx coordinate.

The line ll meets x=ax=a at point PP and meets x=bx=b at point QQ as shown in Figure 3.

(c) Find the midpoint of the line segment PQPQ.

(4)
题目中文翻译

图 3 是下列图形的草图:

  • 曲线 y=tan⁡(x−π6)y=\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right),其中 0≤x≤2π0\le x\le2\pi;
  • 直线 ll 的一部分,其方程为 y=π−xy=\pi-x。

(a) 写出下列方程的解的个数:

(i) 在区间 0≤x≤2π0\le x\le2\pi 内,tan⁡(x−π6)=π−x\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi-x;

(ii) 在区间 0≤x≤100π0\le x\le100\pi 内,tan⁡(x−π6)=π−x\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi-x;

(iii) 在区间 0≤x≤2π0\le x\le2\pi 内,tan⁡(x−π6)=π+x\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi+x。

(3)

图 3 中方程为 x=ax=a 的直线,是该曲线上具有最小正 xx 坐标的渐近线。

(b) 写出 aa 的值。

(1)

图 3 中方程为 x=bx=b 的直线,是该曲线上具有第二小正 xx 坐标的渐近线。

如图 3 所示,直线 ll 与 x=ax=a 相交于点 PP,并与 x=bx=b 相交于点 QQ。

(c) 求线段 PQPQ 的中点。

(4)

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

解的个数就是直线 y=π−xy=\pi-x 和正切图像的交点个数,在给出的图中直接计数。

答题过程

展开

Using the graph:

tan⁡(x−π6)=π−x\begin{align*} \tan\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi-x \end{align*}

has

3\begin{align*} 3 \end{align*}

solutions in 0≤x≤2π0\le x\le2\pi.

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

正切图像每隔 π\pi 重复一次。把区间扩展到 100π100\pi 后,逐个周期计算与同一直线的交点,并计入端点所在分支。

答题过程

展开

Over 0≤x≤100π0\le x\le100\pi, the tangent curve repeats every π\pi, giving one intersection in each main branch, with the endpoint branch included.

Hence the number of solutions is

101.\begin{align*} 101. \end{align*}

(a)(iii)

解法一

思路

展开

把右边视为直线 y=π+xy=\pi+x,在 0≤x≤2π0\le x\le2\pi 内数它与正切图像的交点。

答题过程

展开

For

tan⁡(x−π6)=π+x,\begin{align*} \tan\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi+x, \end{align*}

the corresponding line has positive gradient. In 0≤x≤2π0\le x\le2\pi, it intersects the tangent curve

2\begin{align*} 2 \end{align*}

times.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

tan⁡u\tan u 的渐近线在 u=π2+nπu=\frac\pi2+n\pi。这里 u=x−π6u=x-\frac\pi6,所以令 x−π6=π2x-\frac\pi6=\frac\pi2 得到最小正渐近线。

答题过程

展开

The vertical asymptotes occur when

x−π6=π2+nπ.\begin{align*} x-\frac{\pi}{6}=\frac{\pi}{2}+n\pi. \end{align*}

For the smallest positive value,

x−π6= π2x= π2+π6x= 2π3.\begin{align*} x-\frac{\pi}{6}=&\,\frac{\pi}{2}\\ x=&\,\frac{\pi}{2}+\frac{\pi}{6}\\ x=&\,\frac{2\pi}{3}. \end{align*}

Therefore

a=2π3.\begin{align*} a=\frac{2\pi}{3}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

相邻正切渐近线相差 π\pi,所以 b=a+πb=a+\pi。点 P,QP,Q 都在直线 y=π−xy=\pi-x 上,分别代入 x=a,bx=a,b 求坐标,再用中点公式。

答题过程

展开

The second smallest positive asymptote is

b= a+π= 2π3+π= 5π3.\begin{align*} b =&\,a+\pi\\ =&\,\frac{2\pi}{3}+\pi\\ =&\,\frac{5\pi}{3}. \end{align*}

Since PP lies on x=ax=a and y=π−xy=\pi-x,

P= (2π3,π−2π3)= (2π3,π3).\begin{align*} P =&\,\left(\frac{2\pi}{3},\pi-\frac{2\pi}{3}\right)\\ =&\,\left(\frac{2\pi}{3},\frac{\pi}{3}\right). \end{align*}

Since QQ lies on x=bx=b and y=π−xy=\pi-x,

Q= (5π3,π−5π3)= (5π3,−2π3).\begin{align*} Q =&\,\left(\frac{5\pi}{3},\pi-\frac{5\pi}{3}\right)\\ =&\,\left(\frac{5\pi}{3},-\frac{2\pi}{3}\right). \end{align*}

The midpoint of PQPQ is

(2π3+5π32,π3−2π32)= (7π6,−π6).\begin{align*} \left( \frac{\frac{2\pi}{3}+\frac{5\pi}{3}}{2}, \frac{\frac{\pi}{3}-\frac{2\pi}{3}}{2} \right) =&\,\left(\frac{7\pi}{6},-\frac{\pi}{6}\right). \end{align*}