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IAL 2024 Oct Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

Figure 1 shows a sketch of part of the curves C1C_1 and C2C_2.

Figure 1

Given that C1C_1

  • has equation y=f(x)y=f(x) where f(x)f(x) is a quadratic function
  • cuts the xx-axis at the origin and at x=4x=4
  • has a minimum turning point at (2,4.8)(2,-4.8)

(a) find f(x)f(x).

(3)

Given that C2C_2

  • has equation y=g(x)y=g(x) where g(x)g(x) is a cubic function
  • cuts the xx-axis at the origin and meets the xx-axis at x=4x=4
  • passes through the point (6,7.2)(6,7.2)

(b) find g(x)g(x).

(3)

The curves C1C_1 and C2C_2 meet in the first quadrant at the point PP, shown in Figure 1.

(c) Use algebra to find the coordinates of PP.

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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二次曲线在 x=0x=0x=4x=4xx 轴,所以可以写成 kx(x4)kx(x-4)。再用最低点 (2,4.8)(2,-4.8)kk

答题过程

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Since the roots are 00 and 44, write

f(x)=kx(x4).\begin{align*} f(x)=kx(x-4). \end{align*}

Use the point (2,4.8)(2,-4.8):

4.8=k(2)(24)4.8=4kk=1.2.\begin{align*} -4.8=&\,k(2)(2-4)\\ -4.8=&\,-4k\\ k=&\,1.2. \end{align*}

Therefore

f(x)=1.2x(x4).\begin{align*} f(x)=1.2x(x-4). \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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最低点是 (2,4.8)(2,-4.8),所以也可以从顶点形式开始:f(x)=a(x2)24.8f(x)=a(x-2)^2-4.8。再用截距点求 aa

答题过程

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Since the minimum turning point is (2,4.8)(2,-4.8),

f(x)=a(x2)24.8.\begin{align*} f(x)=a(x-2)^2-4.8. \end{align*}

The curve passes through the origin, so

0=a(02)24.80=4a4.8a=1.2.\begin{align*} 0=&\,a(0-2)^2-4.8\\ 0=&\,4a-4.8\\ a=&\,1.2. \end{align*}

Therefore

f(x)=1.2(x2)24.8=1.2(x24x+4)4.8=1.2x24.8x=1.2x(x4).\begin{align*} f(x)=&\,1.2(x-2)^2-4.8\\ =&\,1.2(x^2-4x+4)-4.8\\ =&\,1.2x^2-4.8x\\ =&\,1.2x(x-4). \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

三次曲线在 x=0x=0 截过 xx 轴,在 x=4x=4xx 轴相切,所以 x=4x=4 是重复根。因此可写成 g(x)=λx(x4)2g(x)=\lambda x(x-4)^2

答题过程

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Since the curve cuts the xx-axis at 00 and meets the xx-axis at 44,

g(x)=λx(x4)2.\begin{align*} g(x)=\lambda x(x-4)^2. \end{align*}

Use the point (6,7.2)(6,7.2):

7.2=λ(6)(64)27.2=24λλ=0.3.\begin{align*} 7.2=&\,\lambda(6)(6-4)^2\\ 7.2=&\,24\lambda\\ \lambda=&\,0.3. \end{align*}

Therefore

g(x)=0.3x(x4)2.\begin{align*} g(x)=0.3x(x-4)^2. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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交点满足 f(x)=g(x)f(x)=g(x)。两边都有 x(x4)x(x-4),但不能忘记 x=0x=0x=4x=4 只是 xx 轴上的交点;题目要第一象限里的另一个交点,所以最后选 x=8x=8

答题过程

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At intersections,

f(x)=g(x)1.2x(x4)=0.3x(x4)2.\begin{align*} f(x)=&\,g(x)\\ 1.2x(x-4)=&\,0.3x(x-4)^2. \end{align*}

So

0.3x(x4)21.2x(x4)=0x(x4)(0.3(x4)1.2)=0.\begin{align*} 0.3x(x-4)^2-1.2x(x-4)=&\,0\\ x(x-4)\left(0.3(x-4)-1.2\right)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Hence

x=0,x=4,0.3(x4)1.2=0.\begin{align*} x=0,\qquad x=4,\qquad 0.3(x-4)-1.2=0. \end{align*}

For the first-quadrant point PP,

0.3(x4)=1.2x4=4x=8.\begin{align*} 0.3(x-4)=&\,1.2\\ x-4=&\,4\\ x=&\,8. \end{align*}

Then

y=f(8)=1.2(8)(84)=38.4.\begin{align*} y=&\,f(8)\\ =&\,1.2(8)(8-4)\\ =&\,38.4. \end{align*}

Therefore

P=(8,38.4).\begin{align*} P=(8,38.4). \end{align*}