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IAL 2024 Oct Q9

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

Figure 4 shows a sketch of the curve CC with equation y=f(x)y=f(x), where

f(x)=(x+5)(3x24x+20)\begin{align*} f(x)=(x+5)(3x^2-4x+20) \end{align*}

Figure 4

(a) Deduce the range of values of xx for which f(x)0f(x)\ge0.

(1)

(b) Find f(x)f'(x) giving your answer in simplest form.

(3)

The point R(4,84)R(-4,84) lies on CC.

Given that the tangent to CC at the point PP is parallel to the tangent to CC at the point RR,

(c) find the xx coordinate of PP.

(4)

(d) Find the point to which RR is transformed when the curve with equation y=f(x)y=f(x) is transformed to the curve with equation,

(i) y=f(x3)y=f(x-3)

(ii) y=4f(x)y=4f(x)

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

3x24x+203x^2-4x+20 的判别式小于 00,且二次项系数为正,所以它永远为正。因此 f(x)f(x) 的正负只由 x+5x+5 决定。

答题过程

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For

3x24x+20,\begin{align*} 3x^2-4x+20, \end{align*}

the discriminant is

(4)24(3)(20)=16240=224<0.\begin{align*} (-4)^2-4(3)(20) =&\,16-240\\ =&\,-224<0. \end{align*}

Since the coefficient of x2x^2 is positive,

3x24x+20>0\begin{align*} 3x^2-4x+20>0 \end{align*}

for all real xx.

So

f(x)0\begin{align*} f(x)\ge0 \end{align*}

when

x+50.\begin{align*} x+5\ge0. \end{align*}

Therefore

x5.\begin{align*} x\ge-5. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先展开成三次多项式,再逐项求导。这种方式最稳,也容易把最后答案化成最简。

答题过程

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Expand first:

f(x)=(x+5)(3x24x+20)=x(3x24x+20)+5(3x24x+20)=3x34x2+20x+15x220x+100=3x3+11x2+100.\begin{align*} f(x) =&\,(x+5)(3x^2-4x+20)\\ =&\,x(3x^2-4x+20)+5(3x^2-4x+20)\\ =&\,3x^3-4x^2+20x+15x^2-20x+100\\ =&\,3x^3+11x^2+100. \end{align*}

Therefore

f(x)=9x2+22x.\begin{align*} f'(x) =&\,9x^2+22x. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

也可以直接用乘积法则。这样不用先完整展开 f(x)f(x),但最后仍要合并同类项。

答题过程

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Using the product rule,

f(x)=(1)(3x24x+20)+(x+5)(6x4).\begin{align*} f'(x) =&\,(1)(3x^2-4x+20) +(x+5)(6x-4). \end{align*}

Expand and simplify:

f(x)=3x24x+20+(6x24x+30x20)=3x24x+20+6x2+26x20=9x2+22x.\begin{align*} f'(x) =&\,3x^2-4x+20 +(6x^2-4x+30x-20)\\ =&\,3x^2-4x+20 +6x^2+26x-20\\ =&\,9x^2+22x. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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平行切线表示梯度相同。先求 RR 点处的梯度 f(4)f'(-4),再令 f(x)f'(x) 等于这个梯度。解出来会有一个根是 RR 自己的 x=4x=-4,另一个才是 PPxx 坐标。

答题过程

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From part (b),

f(x)=9x2+22x.\begin{align*} f'(x)=9x^2+22x. \end{align*}

At RR, x=4x=-4, so

f(4)=9(4)2+22(4)=14488=56.\begin{align*} f'(-4) =&\,9(-4)^2+22(-4)\\ =&\,144-88\\ =&\,56. \end{align*}

For the tangent at PP to be parallel to the tangent at RR,

f(x)=56.\begin{align*} f'(x)=56. \end{align*}

So

9x2+22x=569x2+22x56=0(9x14)(x+4)=0.\begin{align*} 9x^2+22x=&\,56\\ 9x^2+22x-56=&\,0\\ (9x-14)(x+4)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Hence

x=149orx=4.\begin{align*} x=\frac{14}{9}\quad\text{or}\quad x=-4. \end{align*}

The root x=4x=-4 is the point RR, so the xx coordinate of PP is

149.\begin{align*} \frac{14}{9}. \end{align*}

(d)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

y=f(x3)y=f(x-3) 是把图像向右平移 33。所以点的 xx 坐标加 33yy 坐标不变。

答题过程

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The transformation from y=f(x)y=f(x) to y=f(x3)y=f(x-3) is a translation 33 units to the right.

So

(4,84)(1,84).\begin{align*} (-4,84)\mapsto(-1,84). \end{align*}

(d)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

y=4f(x)y=4f(x) 是竖直方向放大 44 倍。xx 坐标不变,yy 坐标乘以 44

答题过程

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The transformation from y=f(x)y=f(x) to y=4f(x)y=4f(x) multiplies the yy coordinate by 44.

So

(4,84)(4,336).\begin{align*} (-4,84)\mapsto(-4,336). \end{align*}