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P1 2025 Jan Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

The curve CC has equation

y=4x3+2x+9,x>0.\begin{align*} y=4x^3+\frac2x+9,\qquad x>0. \end{align*}

(a) Find dydx\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}, giving your answer in simplest form.

(2)

Given that

  • the point PP lies on CC
  • the line with equation y=k−5xy=k-5x, where kk is a constant, is the tangent to CC at PP

(b) show that the xx coordinate of PP satisfies the equation

12x4+5x2−2=0\begin{align*} 12x^4+5x^2-2=0 \end{align*}
(2)

(c) Hence find the value of kk.

(4)
题目中文翻译

本题必须写出全部计算步骤。依赖计算器技术的解答不予接受。

曲线 CC 的方程为

y=4x3+2x+9,x>0.\begin{align*} y=4x^3+\frac2x+9,\qquad x>0. \end{align*}

(a) 求 dydx\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x},并将答案化为最简形式。

(2)

已知:

  • 点 PP 在曲线 CC 上;
  • 方程为 y=k−5xy=k-5x 的直线在点 PP 处与 CC 相切,其中 kk 为常数。

(b) 证明点 PP 的 xx 坐标满足方程

12x4+5x2−2=0.\begin{align*} 12x^4+5x^2-2=0. \end{align*}
(2)

(c) 由此求 kk 的值。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

把 2x\frac2x 写成 2x−12x^{-1},再逐项微分。

答题过程

展开 y= 4x3+2x−1+9.\begin{align*} y=&\,4x^3+2x^{-1}+9. \end{align*}

Therefore

dydx= 12x2−2x−2= 12x2−2x2.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,12x^2-2x^{-2}\\ =&\,12x^2-\frac{2}{x^2}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

切线 y=k−5xy=k-5x 的斜率是 −5-5。因此在点 PP,曲线的导数等于 −5-5。把 (a) 的导数令为 −5-5,再整理即可。

答题过程

展开

Since the tangent has gradient −5-5,

12x2−2x2= −5.\begin{align*} 12x^2-\frac{2}{x^2}=&\,-5. \end{align*}

Multiply by x2x^2:

12x4−2= −5x2.\begin{align*} 12x^4-2=&\,-5x^2. \end{align*}

Bring all terms to one side:

12x4+5x2−2=0.\begin{align*} 12x^4+5x^2-2=0. \end{align*}

This is the required equation.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

先解 (b) 的方程。令 u=x2u=x^2,得到二次方程;因为 x>0x>0,最后只取正的 xx。然后求点 PP 的 yy 坐标,再代入切线 y=k−5xy=k-5x 求 kk。

答题过程

展开

Let

u=x2.\begin{align*} u=x^2. \end{align*}

Then

12u2+5u−2= 0(4u−1)(3u+2)= 0.\begin{align*} 12u^2+5u-2=&\,0\\ (4u-1)(3u+2)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Since u=x2>0u=x^2>0,

x2=14.\begin{align*} x^2=\frac14. \end{align*}

Because x>0x>0,

x=12.\begin{align*} x=\frac12. \end{align*}

Find the yy coordinate on the curve:

y= 4(12)3+21/2+9= 12+4+9= 272.\begin{align*} y =&\,4\left(\frac12\right)^3+\frac{2}{1/2}+9\\ =&\,\frac12+4+9\\ =&\,\frac{27}{2}. \end{align*}

Now use the tangent equation y=k−5xy=k-5x:

272= k−5(12)272= k−52k= 16.\begin{align*} \frac{27}{2}=&\,k-5\left(\frac12\right)\\ \frac{27}{2}=&\,k-\frac52\\ k=&\,16. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

求出 x=12x=\frac12 后,不先单独求点 PP 的纵坐标,而是在切点处直接令曲线方程与切线方程相等。

答题过程

展开

From part (b), let u=x2u=x^2. Then

12u2+5u−2= 0(4u−1)(3u+2)= 0.\begin{align*} 12u^2+5u-2=&\,0\\ (4u-1)(3u+2)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Since x>0x>0,

x=12.\begin{align*} x=\frac12. \end{align*}

At the point of tangency, the curve and the tangent have the same yy value. Therefore

4(12)3+21/2+9= k−5(12)272= k−52k= 16.\begin{align*} 4\left(\frac12\right)^3 +\frac{2}{1/2}+9 =&\,k-5\left(\frac12\right)\\ \frac{27}{2}=&\,k-\frac52\\ k=&\,16. \end{align*}