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P1 2025 Jan Q8

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

Figure 1 shows a sketch of a design for a badge.

The design consists of a triangle OABOAB joined to a sector OBCOBC of a circle with centre OO.

In the design

  • OB=3.4 cmOB=3.4\text{ cm}
  • AB=1.9 cmAB=1.9\text{ cm}
  • angle AOB=π6AOB=\dfrac{\pi}{6} radians
  • angle OAB>π2OAB>\dfrac{\pi}{2} radians

Making your method clear,

(a) find the size of angle OABOAB, giving your answer in radians to 44 significant figures.

(3)

(b) find the area of triangle OABOAB, in cm2\text{cm}^2, giving your answer to 33 significant figures.

(2)

Given that the ratio of the area of sector OBCOBC to the area of triangle OABOAB is 3:23:2,

(c) show that angle BOCBOC is 0.4620.462 radians to 33 significant figures.

(3)

(d) Hence find the perimeter of the badge, in cm, to the nearest integer.

(5)
题目中文翻译

图 1 是一枚徽章设计的草图。

该设计由三角形 OABOAB 与以 OO 为圆心的扇形 OBCOBC 连接而成。

在该设计中:

  • OB=3.4 cmOB=3.4\text{ cm};
  • AB=1.9 cmAB=1.9\text{ cm};
  • 角 AOB=π6AOB=\dfrac{\pi}{6} 弧度;
  • 角 OAB>π2OAB>\dfrac{\pi}{2} 弧度。

(a) 清楚写出你的方法,求角 OABOAB 的大小,并将答案以弧度表示,精确到 44 位有效数字。

(3)

(b) 求三角形 OABOAB 的面积,单位为 cm2\text{cm}^2,并将答案精确到 33 位有效数字。

(2)

已知扇形 OBCOBC 的面积与三角形 OABOAB 的面积之比为 3:23:2。

(c) 证明角 BOCBOC 精确到 33 位有效数字为 0.4620.462 弧度。

(3)

(d) 由此求徽章的周长,单位为 cm,并将答案取最接近的整数。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

在三角形 OABOAB 中,ABAB 对应角 AOB=π6AOB=\frac{\pi}{6},OBOB 对应角 OABOAB。用正弦定理可以先求 sin⁡∠OAB\sin\angle OAB。由于题目给出 ∠OAB>π2\angle OAB>\frac{\pi}{2},所以要取钝角解。

答题过程

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Using the sine rule in triangle OABOAB,

sin⁡∠OAB3.4= sin⁡(π/6)1.9.\begin{align*} \frac{\sin\angle OAB}{3.4} =&\,\frac{\sin(\pi/6)}{1.9}. \end{align*}

So

sin⁡∠OAB= 3.4sin⁡(π/6)1.9= 0.8947…\begin{align*} \sin\angle OAB =&\,\frac{3.4\sin(\pi/6)}{1.9}\\ =&\,0.8947\ldots \end{align*}

The principal angle is

sin⁡−1(0.8947…)=1.1078…\begin{align*} \sin^{-1}(0.8947\ldots)=1.1078\ldots \end{align*}

But ∠OAB>π2\angle OAB>\frac{\pi}{2}, so

∠OAB= π−1.1078…= 2.0337…= 2.034 radians.\begin{align*} \angle OAB =&\,\pi-1.1078\ldots\\ =&\,2.0337\ldots\\ =&\,2.034\text{ radians}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

先用余弦定理求 OAOA,再用一次余弦定理求角 OABOAB;由题设的钝角条件选择正确的边长。

答题过程

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Let OA=rOA=r. Using the cosine rule at angle AOBAOB,

1.92= 3.42+r2−2(3.4)rcos⁡(π6).\begin{align*} 1.9^2 =&\,3.4^2+r^2 -2(3.4)r\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{6}\right). \end{align*}

Solving this quadratic gives

r=3.7930…orr=2.0959…\begin{align*} r=3.7930\ldots \quad\text{or}\quad r=2.0959\ldots \end{align*}

The first value gives an acute angle OABOAB, so the condition ∠OAB>π2\angle OAB>\frac{\pi}{2} requires

OA=2.0959…\begin{align*} OA=2.0959\ldots \end{align*}

Using the cosine rule again,

3.42= (2.0959…)2+1.92 −2(2.0959…)(1.9)cos⁡∠OAB.\begin{align*} 3.4^2 =&\,(2.0959\ldots)^2+1.9^2\\ &\,-2(2.0959\ldots)(1.9)\cos\angle OAB. \end{align*}

Hence

∠OAB= 2.0337…= 2.034 radians.\begin{align*} \angle OAB =&\,2.0337\ldots\\ =&\,2.034\text{ radians}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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先求第三个角 ∠OBA\angle OBA,再用面积公式 12absin⁡C\frac12ab\sin C。这里夹角可以用

π−π6−∠OAB.\begin{align*} \pi-\frac{\pi}{6}-\angle OAB. \end{align*}

答题过程

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The angle between OBOB and ABAB is

∠OBA= π−π6−2.0337…= 0.5842…\begin{align*} \angle OBA =&\,\pi-\frac{\pi}{6}-2.0337\ldots\\ =&\,0.5842\ldots \end{align*}

Therefore

Area of triangle OAB= 12(3.4)(1.9)sin⁡(0.5842…)= 1.7815…= 1.78 cm2.\begin{align*} \text{Area of triangle }OAB =&\,\frac12(3.4)(1.9)\sin(0.5842\ldots)\\ =&\,1.7815\ldots\\ =&\,1.78\text{ cm}^2. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

扇形面积 : 三角形面积 = 3:23:2,所以扇形面积是三角形面积的 32\frac32。再用扇形面积公式 12r2θ\frac12r^2\theta 求 θ=∠BOC\theta=\angle BOC。

答题过程

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The area of sector OBCOBC is

32(1.7815…)=2.6723…\begin{align*} \frac32(1.7815\ldots)=2.6723\ldots \end{align*}

Using the sector area formula,

12(3.4)2θ= 2.6723…θ= 2(2.6723…)(3.4)2= 0.4623…\begin{align*} \frac12(3.4)^2\theta=&\,2.6723\ldots\\ \theta=&\,\frac{2(2.6723\ldots)}{(3.4)^2}\\ =&\,0.4623\ldots \end{align*}

So

∠BOC=0.462 radians.\begin{align*} \angle BOC=0.462\text{ radians}. \end{align*}

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

周长由 OAOA、ABAB、弧 BCBC、以及 OCOC 组成。因为扇形半径是 3.43.4,所以 OC=3.4OC=3.4,弧长 BC=3.4θBC=3.4\theta。还需要用余弦定理求 OAOA。

答题过程

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First find OAOA using the cosine rule:

OA2= 3.42+1.92−2(3.4)(1.9)cos⁡(0.5842…)= 4.3930…\begin{align*} OA^2 =&\,3.4^2+1.9^2 -2(3.4)(1.9)\cos(0.5842\ldots)\\ =&\,4.3930\ldots \end{align*}

So

OA=2.0959…\begin{align*} OA=2.0959\ldots \end{align*}

The arc length BCBC is

3.4(0.4623…)=1.5719…\begin{align*} 3.4(0.4623\ldots)=1.5719\ldots \end{align*}

Therefore the perimeter is

OA+AB+arc BC+OC= 2.0959…+1.9+1.5719…+3.4= 8.9678…= 9 cm.\begin{align*} OA+AB+\text{arc }BC+OC =&\,2.0959\ldots+1.9+1.5719\ldots+3.4\\ =&\,8.9678\ldots\\ =&\,9\text{ cm}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

由 (a) 和 (b) 已知三角形的三个角。先用正弦定理求 OAOA,再计算弧长并合计周长。

答题过程

展开

Apply the sine rule in triangle OABOAB:

OAsin⁡∠OBA= ABsin⁡∠AOB.\begin{align*} \frac{OA}{\sin\angle OBA} =&\,\frac{AB}{\sin\angle AOB}. \end{align*}

Using AB=1.9AB=1.9, ∠AOB=π6\angle AOB=\frac{\pi}{6} and ∠OBA=0.5842…\angle OBA=0.5842\ldots,

OA= 1.9sin⁡(0.5842…)sin⁡(π/6)= 2.0959… cm.\begin{align*} OA =&\,\frac{1.9\sin(0.5842\ldots)}{\sin(\pi/6)}\\ =&\,2.0959\ldots\text{ cm}. \end{align*}

The arc length BCBC is

arc BC= 3.4(0.4623…)= 1.5719… cm.\begin{align*} \text{arc }BC =&\,3.4(0.4623\ldots)\\ =&\,1.5719\ldots\text{ cm}. \end{align*}

Therefore

Perimeter= OA+AB+arc BC+OC= 2.0959…+1.9 +1.5719…+3.4= 8.9678…≈ 9 cm.\begin{align*} \text{Perimeter} =&\,OA+AB+\text{arc }BC+OC\\ =&\,2.0959\ldots+1.9\\ &\,+1.5719\ldots+3.4\\ =&\,8.9678\ldots\\ \approx&\,9\text{ cm}. \end{align*}