题目
Problem
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.
A vessel that contained some water started to leak from a hole in its base.
The volume of water in the vessel 25 minutes after the leak started was 6 m3.
The volume of water in the vessel 64 minutes after the leak started was 3.3 m3.
The volume of water, V m3, in the vessel t minutes after the leak started, is modelled by the equation
V=at+b
where a and b are constants.
(a) find the value of a and the value of b.
(4)
(b) Using the equation of the model,
(i) the initial volume of water in the vessel,
(ii) find the time taken, after the leak started, for the vessel to empty.
Give your answer to the nearest minute.
(3)
题目中文翻译
本题必须写出完整的解题步骤。
不接受完全依赖计算器技术所得的解答。
一个装有一些水的容器从底部的一个孔开始漏水。
开始漏水 25 分钟后,容器内水的体积为 6 m3;开始漏水 64 分钟后,容器内水的体积为 3.3 m3。
开始漏水 t 分钟后,容器内水的体积 V m3 由下列方程建模:
V=at+b,
其中 a 和 b 为常数。
(a) 求 a 和 b 的值。
(b) 利用模型方程:
(i) 求容器内水的初始体积;
(ii) 求从开始漏水到容器排空所需的时间,答案精确到最接近的分钟。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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把两个时间和体积分别代入模型。注意 25=5,64=8,所以会得到两个关于 a,b 的一次方程。
答题过程
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Using t=25 and V=6,
6=6=a25+b5a+b.
Using t=64 and V=3.3,
3.3=3.3=a64+b8a+b.
Subtract the first equation from the second:
3.3−6=−2.7=a=(8a+b)−(5a+b)3a−0.9.
Substitute into 6=5a+b:
6=6=b=5(−0.9)+b−4.5+b10.5.
So
a=−0.9,b=10.5.
(b)(i)
解法一
思路
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初始体积对应 t=0,代入 (a) 的模型即可。
答题过程
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The model is
V=−0.9t+10.5.
When t=0,
V==−0.90+10.510.5.
So the initial volume is
10.5 m3.
(b)(ii)
解法一
思路
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容器空了对应 V=0,把 (a) 的模型代入后解 t,最后平方得到 t。
答题过程
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The model is
V=−0.9t+10.5.
For the vessel to be empty, set V=0:
−0.9t+10.5=0.9t=t==010.50.910.5335.
Therefore
t===(335)291225136.111…
The vessel becomes empty after
136 minutes.