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IAL 2025 May Q8

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2025 May Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

A curve has equation y=f(x)y=f(x), x>0x>0.

The point P(4,12)P(4,12) lies on the curve.

Given that

  • f(x)=3x+kx2f'(x)=3\sqrt{x}+kx^2 where kk is a constant
  • the equation of the tangent to the curve at PP has equation y=10x+cy=10x+c where cc is a constant

(a) (i) show that k=14k=\dfrac14

(ii) find the value of cc

(4)

(b) Hence find the value of f(x)f''(x) at PP.

(3)

(c) Find f(x)f(x).

(4)

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

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切线 y=10x+cy=10x+c 的斜率是 1010,所以 f(4)=10f'(4)=10。把 x=4x=4 代入导函数即可推出 kk

答题过程

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Since the tangent has gradient 1010,

f(4)=10.\begin{align*} f'(4)=10. \end{align*}

So

34+k(4)2=106+16k=1016k=4k=14.\begin{align*} 3\sqrt4+k(4)^2=&\,10\\ 6+16k=&\,10\\ 16k=&\,4\\ k=&\,\frac14. \end{align*}

This is the required result.

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

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P(4,12)P(4,12) 在切线上,代入 y=10x+cy=10x+c 即可求 cc

答题过程

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Using P(4,12)P(4,12) in y=10x+cy=10x+c,

12=10(4)+cc=28.\begin{align*} 12=&\,10(4)+c\\ c=&\,-28. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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由 (a) 知 k=14k=\frac14。先写出 f(x)f'(x),再微分得到 f(x)f''(x),最后代入 x=4x=4

答题过程

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Using k=14k=\frac14,

f(x)=3x1/2+14x2.\begin{align*} f'(x)=3x^{1/2}+\frac14x^2. \end{align*}

Differentiate:

f(x)=32x1/2+12x.\begin{align*} f''(x) =&\,\frac32x^{-1/2}+\frac12x. \end{align*}

At PP, x=4x=4, so

f(4)=32(4)1/2+12(4)=3212+2=34+2=114.\begin{align*} f''(4) =&\,\frac32(4)^{-1/2}+\frac12(4)\\ =&\,\frac32\cdot\frac12+2\\ =&\,\frac34+2\\ =&\,\frac{11}{4}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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f(x)f'(x) 积分得到 f(x)f(x),再用点 P(4,12)P(4,12) 求积分常数。

答题过程

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Since

f(x)=3x1/2+14x2,\begin{align*} f'(x)=3x^{1/2}+\frac14x^2, \end{align*}

integrate:

f(x)=3x3/23/2+14x33+d=2x3/2+112x3+d.\begin{align*} f(x) =&\,3\cdot\frac{x^{3/2}}{3/2} +\frac14\cdot\frac{x^3}{3}+d\\ =&\,2x^{3/2}+\frac1{12}x^3+d. \end{align*}

Use P(4,12)P(4,12):

12=2(4)3/2+112(4)3+d=2(8)+6412+d=16+163+d=643+d.\begin{align*} 12=&\,2(4)^{3/2}+\frac1{12}(4)^3+d\\ =&\,2(8)+\frac{64}{12}+d\\ =&\,16+\frac{16}{3}+d\\ =&\,\frac{64}{3}+d. \end{align*}

So

d=12643=283.\begin{align*} d=&\,12-\frac{64}{3}\\ =&\,-\frac{28}{3}. \end{align*}

Therefore

f(x)=2x3/2+112x3283.\begin{align*} f(x)=2x^{3/2}+\frac1{12}x^3-\frac{28}{3}. \end{align*}