题目
Problem
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.
Figure 2 shows the plan view of a design for a swimming pool.
Figure 2
The design consists of a sector POS of a circle centre O joined to a major sector
QORTQ of a different circle, also with centre O.
Given that
- angle POS is 1.65 radians
- the area of sector POS is 30 m2
- PQ=2.8 m
(a) show that, to 3 significant figures, OQ=8.83 m.
(3)
(b) Find the total surface area of the swimming pool in m2 to the nearest integer.
(3)
(c) Find the total perimeter of the swimming pool in metres to 2 significant figures.
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先用小扇形 POS 的面积求半径 OP。因为 P,Q,O 在同一直线上,并且 PQ=2.8,所以 OQ=OP+PQ。
答题过程
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Let
OP=r.
Using the sector area formula,
21r2(1.65)=r2=r=301.65606.030…
Since PQ=2.8,
OQ===OP+PQ6.030…+2.88.830…
Therefore
OQ=8.83 m
to 3 significant figures.
解法二
思路
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代数方程整体求解法。
除了先计算小半径 OP=r 再加 2.8 得到大半径 OQ 的分步法外,我们也可以直接设大半径为未知数 R=OQ。
因为 P,Q,O 在同一直线上且 PQ=2.8,所以小半径即为 OP=R−2.8。
利用小扇形 POS 面积为 30 的条件,我们可以直接列出关于 R 的一元二次方程:
21(R−2.8)2×1.65=30
通过直接求解该方程,可一步得到大半径 R 的值。该方法在代数结构上更加紧凑、一气呵成。
答题过程
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Let the radius of the major sector be R=OQ.
Since PQ=2.8 m and P, Q, O lie on a straight line, the radius of the minor sector is:
OP=R−2.8.
Using the area of sector POS:
21(R−2.8)2(1.65)=30.
Solve for R:
(R−2.8)2=R−2.8=R−2.8=R==1.65601.65606.030…6.030…+2.88.830…
Therefore:
OQ=8.83 m
to 3 significant figures.
(b)
解法一
思路
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总面积等于小扇形 POS 的面积加上大圆的优弧扇形 QORTQ 面积。大扇形的圆心角是 2π−1.65。
答题过程
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The angle of the major sector is
2π−1.65.
Using OQ=8.830…,
total area==30+21(8.830…)2(2π−1.65)210.631…
Therefore the total surface area is
211 m2
to the nearest integer.
(c)
解法一
思路
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周长由小扇形的弧 PS、大扇形的优弧 QRT,以及两段直线 PQ 和 ST 组成。两段直线长度都等于 2.8。
答题过程
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The arc length PS is
6.030…(1.65).
The major arc length QRT is
8.830…(2π−1.65).
So the total perimeter is
=6.030…(1.65)+8.830…(2π−1.65)+2(2.8)56.461…
Therefore the perimeter is
56 m
to 2 significant figures.