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IAL 2022 May Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2022 May Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Give your answers in fully simplified surd form.

Given that aa and bb are positive constants, solve the simultaneous equations

ab=8a - b = 8 log4a+log4b=3\log_4 a + \log_4 b = 3

(6)
题目中文翻译

在本题中,你必须展示所有的计算步骤。给出完全化简的根式(最简二次根式)形式的答案。

已知 aabb 为正数,解联立方程组: ab=8a - b = 8 log4a+log4b=3\log_4 a + \log_4 b = 3

解答

解法一

思路

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解关于正数 aabb 的对数联立方程组,我们可以采取以下步骤:

  1. 化简对数方程: 利用对数的相加积律(Multiplication Law of Logarithms): log4a+log4b=log4(ab)\log_4 a + \log_4 b = \log_4 (ab) 由此可将方程化为: log4(ab)=3\log_4 (ab) = 3 利用对数的定义脱去对数符号(Undo logs): ab=43=64ab = 4^3 = 64

  2. 代入消元: 从第一个方程 ab=8a - b = 8 得到: a=b+8a = b + 8 代入上面得到的乘积式 ab=64ab = 64 中: (b+8)b=64    b2+8b64=0(b + 8)b = 64 \implies b^2 + 8b - 64 = 0

  3. 解一元二次方程: 利用求根公式求出 bbb=8±824(1)(64)2b = \frac{-8 \pm \sqrt{8^2 - 4(1)(-64)}}{2} 由于题目指出 aabb 是正数(Positive constants),我们必须舍去负数解,只保留正数解。

  4. 求解另一变量: 将求出的正值 bb 代回 a=b+8a = b + 8 中算出 aa。最终用最简根式(Fully simplified surd form)表达两者的值。

答题过程

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Apply the multiplication law of logarithms to the second equation:

log4(ab)=3\log_4 (ab) = 3

Remove the logarithms by converting to exponential form:

ab=43=64ab = 4^3 = 64

From the first equation, express aa in terms of bb:

a=b+8a = b + 8

Substitute a=b+8a = b + 8 into the equation ab=64ab = 64:

(b+8)b=64    b2+8b64=0(b + 8)b = 64 \implies b^2 + 8b - 64 = 0

Solve this quadratic equation using the quadratic formula:

b=8±824×1×(64)2×1=8±64+2562=8±3202=8±852=4±45\begin{align*} b =&\,\, \frac{-8 \pm \sqrt{8^2 - 4 \times 1 \times (-64)}}{2 \times 1} \\[4mm] =&\,\, \frac{-8 \pm \sqrt{64 + 256}}{2} \\[4mm] =&\,\, \frac{-8 \pm \sqrt{320}}{2} \\[4mm] =&\,\, \frac{-8 \pm 8\sqrt{5}}{2} \\[4mm] =&\,\, -4 \pm 4\sqrt{5} \end{align*}

Since bb must be a positive constant (b>0b > 0), we reject the negative root:

b=454b = 4\sqrt{5} - 4

Now substitute bb back to find aa:

a=b+8=(454)+8=45+4\begin{align*} a =&\,\, b + 8 \\[2mm] =&\,\, (4\sqrt{5} - 4) + 8 \\[2mm] =&\,\, 4\sqrt{5} + 4 \end{align*}

Verify that a>0a > 0:

45+4>0(which is true)4\sqrt{5} + 4 > 0 \quad \text{(which is true)}

Thus, the solutions are:

a=45+4andb=454a = 4\sqrt{5} + 4 \quad \text{and} \quad b = 4\sqrt{5} - 4