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IAL 2022 May Q7

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2022 May Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

f(x)=Ax3+6x24x+Bf(x) = Ax^3 + 6x^2 - 4x + B

where AA and BB are constants.

Given that

  • (x+2)(x + 2) is a factor of f(x)f(x)
  • 35f(x)dx=176\displaystyle\int_{3}^{5} f(x) \, \mathrm{d}x = 176

find the value of AA and the value of BB.

(7)
题目中文翻译

已知多项式: f(x)=Ax3+6x24x+Bf(x) = Ax^3 + 6x^2 - 4x + B 其中 AABB 是常数。

已知:

  • (x+2)(x + 2)f(x)f(x) 的一个因式
  • 35f(x)dx=176\displaystyle\int_{3}^{5} f(x) \, \mathrm{d}x = 176

AA 的值和 BB 的值。 (7)

解答

解法一

思路

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我们要确定两个未知常数 AABB,需要根据已知条件列出两个独立的方程进行联立求解:

  1. 利用因式定理(Factor Theorem): 因为 (x+2)(x + 2)f(x)f(x) 的一个因式,所以当 x=2x = -2 时,函数值必须为 00,即 f(2)=0f(-2) = 0f(2)=A(2)3+6(2)24(2)+B=0f(-2) = A(-2)^3 + 6(-2)^2 - 4(-2) + B = 0 由此可得关于 AABB 的第一个线性方程。

  2. 利用定积分条件: 计算 f(x)f(x) 在区间 [3,5][3, 5] 上的定积分。根据不定积分公式: (Ax3+6x24x+B)dx=A4x4+2x32x2+Bx+c\int (Ax^3 + 6x^2 - 4x + B) \, \mathrm{d}x = \frac{A}{4}x^4 + 2x^3 - 2x^2 + Bx + c 将上限 55 和下限 33 分别代入,并相减,令其等于 176176。 这将给出关于 AABB 的第二个线性方程。

  3. 联立求解方程组: 解这个二元一次方程组,求出常数 AABB

答题过程

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Step 1: Apply the factor theorem

Since (x+2)(x + 2) is a factor of f(x)f(x), we have f(2)=0f(-2) = 0:

A(2)3+6(2)24(2)+B=0A(-2)^3 + 6(-2)^2 - 4(-2) + B = 0 8A+6(4)+8+B=0-8A + 6(4) + 8 + B = 0 8A+24+8+B=0-8A + 24 + 8 + B = 0 8A+B+32=0    B=8A32— (Equation 1)-8A + B + 32 = 0 \implies B = 8A - 32 \quad \text{--- (Equation 1)}

Step 2: Integrate f(x)f(x) from 33 to 55

Perform the integration term-by-term:

35(Ax3+6x24x+B)dx=[A4x4+63x342x2+Bx]35=[A4x4+2x32x2+Bx]35\begin{align*} \int_{3}^{5} \left( Ax^3 + 6x^2 - 4x + B \right) \, \mathrm{d}x =&\,\, \left[ \frac{A}{4}x^4 + \frac{6}{3}x^3 - \frac{4}{2}x^2 + Bx \right]_{3}^{5} \\[4mm] =&\,\, \left[ \frac{A}{4}x^4 + 2x^3 - 2x^2 + Bx \right]_{3}^{5} \end{align*}

Substitute the upper limit 55 and the lower limit 33:

  • At x=5x = 5:

    A4(5)4+2(5)32(5)2+B(5)=6254A+2(125)2(25)+5B=156.25A+25050+5B=156.25A+200+5B\begin{align*} \frac{A}{4}(5)^4 + 2(5)^3 - 2(5)^2 + B(5) =&\,\, \frac{625}{4}A + 2(125) - 2(25) + 5B \\[2mm] =&\,\, 156.25A + 250 - 50 + 5B \\[2mm] =&\,\, 156.25A + 200 + 5B \end{align*}
  • At x=3x = 3:

    A4(3)4+2(3)32(3)2+B(3)=814A+2(27)2(9)+3B=20.25A+5418+3B=20.25A+36+3B\begin{align*} \frac{A}{4}(3)^4 + 2(3)^3 - 2(3)^2 + B(3) =&\,\, \frac{81}{4}A + 2(27) - 2(9) + 3B \\[2mm] =&\,\, 20.25A + 54 - 18 + 3B \\[2mm] =&\,\, 20.25A + 36 + 3B \end{align*}

Subtract the lower limit evaluation from the upper limit evaluation:

(156.25A+200+5B)(20.25A+36+3B)=(156.2520.25)A+(20036)+(5B3B)=136A+164+2B\begin{align*} &\,\, (156.25A + 200 + 5B) - (20.25A + 36 + 3B) \\[2mm] =&\,\, (156.25 - 20.25)A + (200 - 36) + (5B - 3B) \\[2mm] =&\,\, 136A + 164 + 2B \end{align*}

Equate the result to the given value of 176176:

136A+164+2B=176    136A+2B=12— (Equation 2)136A + 164 + 2B = 176 \implies 136A + 2B = 12 \quad \text{--- (Equation 2)}

Divide Equation 2 by 22 to simplify:

68A+B=6— (Equation 3)68A + B = 6 \quad \text{--- (Equation 3)}

Step 3: Solve the simultaneous equations

Substitute Equation 1 (B=8A32B = 8A - 32) into Equation 3:

68A+(8A32)=668A + (8A - 32) = 6 76A32=676A - 32 = 6 76A=3876A = 38 A=3876=0.5A = \frac{38}{76} = 0.5

Now substitute A=0.5A = 0.5 back into Equation 1 to find BB:

B=8(0.5)32=432=28B = 8(0.5) - 32 = 4 - 32 = -28

Therefore, the constants are:

A=0.5andB=28A = 0.5 \quad \text{and} \quad B = -28