题目
Problem
The curve C has equation
y=21x12x3(x−7)+14x(13x−15)x>0
(a) Write the equation of C in the form
y=ax27+bx25+cx23+dx21
where a, b, c and d are fully simplified constants.
(3)
The curve C has three turning points.
Using calculus,
(b) show that the x coordinates of the three turning points satisfy the equation
2x3−10x2+13x−5=0
(3)
Given that the x coordinate of one of the turning points is 1
(c) find, using algebra, the exact x coordinates of the other two turning points.
(Solutions based entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.)
(3)
题目中文翻译
曲线 C 的方程为
y=21x12x3(x−7)+14x(13x−15),x>0.
(a) 将 C 的方程写成以下形式,其中 a,b,c,d 均为已完全化简的常数。(3 分)
y=ax7/2+bx5/2+cx3/2+dx1/2.
曲线 C 有三个转折点。使用微积分,
(b) 证明这三个转折点的 x 坐标满足
2x3−10x2+13x−5=0.
(3 分)
已知其中一个转折点的 x 坐标为 1,
(c) 用代数方法求另外两个转折点的精确 x 坐标。完全依赖计算器技术的解答不予接受。(3 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
先展开分子,再将每项除以 21x=21x1/2,用 xm/xn=xm−n 化简指数,并约分系数。
答题过程
展开
Expanding the numerator,
=12x3(x−7)+14x(13x−15)12x4−84x3+182x2−210x.
Dividing each term by 21x1/2,
y==21x1/212x4−21x1/284x3+21x1/2182x2−21x1/2210x74x7/2−4x5/2+326x3/2−10x1/2.
Therefore
a=74,b=−4,c=326,d=−10.
(b)
解法一
思路
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转折点处导数为零。对 (a) 的幂式逐项求导,再乘以 x,即可得到题目要求的三次方程。因为 x>0,乘以 x 不会改变方程的解。
答题过程
展开
Using the power rule,
dxdy===74×27x5/2−4×25x3/2+326×23x1/2−10×21x−1/22x5/2−10x3/2+13x1/2−5x−1/2x−1/2(2x3−10x2+13x−5).
At the turning points, dy/dx=0. Since x>0, multiplying by x gives
2x3−10x2+13x−5=0,
as required.
(c)
解法一
思路
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已知 x=1 是根,因此 x−1 是因式。设另一个因式为 2x2+px+q,展开并比较系数求 p,q,再用求根公式求另外两个精确根。不能用计算器小数代替代数推导。
答题过程
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Since x=1 is a root, write
2x3−10x2+13x−5=(x−1)(2x2+px+q).
Comparing coefficients gives
p−2=q−p=−q=−1013−5.
Thus p=−8 and q=5, so
2x3−10x2+13x−5=(x−1)(2x2−8x+5).
The other roots satisfy 2x2−8x+5=0. Using the quadratic formula,
x===48±(−8)2−4(2)(5)48±2424±6.
The exact x coordinates are
x=24−6,x=24+6.