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P2 2022 Oct Q7

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2022 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

The curve CC has equation

y=12x3(x−7)+14x(13x−15)21xx>0y = \frac{12x^3(x-7)+14x(13x-15)}{21\sqrt{x}} \qquad x > 0

(a) Write the equation of CC in the form

y=ax72+bx52+cx32+dx12y = ax^{\frac{7}{2}} + bx^{\frac{5}{2}} + cx^{\frac{3}{2}} + dx^{\frac{1}{2}}

where aa, bb, cc and dd are fully simplified constants.

(3)

The curve CC has three turning points.

Using calculus,

(b) show that the xx coordinates of the three turning points satisfy the equation

2x3−10x2+13x−5=02x^3 - 10x^2 + 13x - 5 = 0
(3)

Given that the xx coordinate of one of the turning points is 11

(c) find, using algebra, the exact xx coordinates of the other two turning points.

(Solutions based entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.)

(3)
题目中文翻译

曲线 CC 的方程为

y=12x3(x−7)+14x(13x−15)21x,x>0.y=\frac{12x^3(x-7)+14x(13x-15)}{21\sqrt x}, \qquad x>0.

(a) 将 CC 的方程写成以下形式,其中 a,b,c,da,b,c,d 均为已完全化简的常数。(3 分)

y=ax7/2+bx5/2+cx3/2+dx1/2.y=ax^{7/2}+bx^{5/2}+cx^{3/2}+dx^{1/2}.

曲线 CC 有三个转折点。使用微积分,

(b) 证明这三个转折点的 xx 坐标满足

2x3−10x2+13x−5=0.2x^3-10x^2+13x-5=0.

(3 分)

已知其中一个转折点的 xx 坐标为 1,

(c) 用代数方法求另外两个转折点的精确 xx 坐标。完全依赖计算器技术的解答不予接受。(3 分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先展开分子,再将每项除以 21x=21x1/221\sqrt x=21x^{1/2},用 xm/xn=xm−nx^m/x^n=x^{m-n} 化简指数,并约分系数。

答题过程

展开

Expanding the numerator,

 12x3(x−7)+14x(13x−15)= 12x4−84x3+182x2−210x.\begin{align*} &\,12x^3(x-7)+14x(13x-15)\\ =&\,12x^4-84x^3+182x^2-210x. \end{align*}

Dividing each term by 21x1/221x^{1/2},

y= 12x421x1/2−84x321x1/2 +182x221x1/2−210x21x1/2= 47x7/2−4x5/2 +263x3/2−10x1/2.\begin{align*} y=&\,\frac{12x^4}{21x^{1/2}}-\frac{84x^3}{21x^{1/2}}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+\frac{182x^2}{21x^{1/2}}-\frac{210x}{21x^{1/2}}\\ =&\,\frac47x^{7/2}-4x^{5/2}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+\frac{26}{3}x^{3/2}-10x^{1/2}. \end{align*}

Therefore

a=47,b=−4,c=263,d=−10.a=\frac47,\quad b=-4,\quad c=\frac{26}{3},\quad d=-10.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

转折点处导数为零。对 (a) 的幂式逐项求导,再乘以 x\sqrt x,即可得到题目要求的三次方程。因为 x>0x>0,乘以 x\sqrt x 不会改变方程的解。

答题过程

展开

Using the power rule,

dydx= 47×72x5/2−4×52x3/2 +263×32x1/2−10×12x−1/2= 2x5/2−10x3/2 +13x1/2−5x−1/2= x−1/2(2x3−10x2+13x−5).\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac47\times\frac72x^{5/2} -4\times\frac52x^{3/2}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+\frac{26}{3}\times\frac32x^{1/2} -10\times\frac12x^{-1/2}\\ =&\,2x^{5/2}-10x^{3/2}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+13x^{1/2}-5x^{-1/2}\\ =&\,x^{-1/2}(2x^3-10x^2+13x-5). \end{align*}

At the turning points, dy/dx=0\mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x=0. Since x>0x>0, multiplying by x\sqrt x gives

2x3−10x2+13x−5=0,2x^3-10x^2+13x-5=0,

as required.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

已知 x=1x=1 是根,因此 x−1x-1 是因式。设另一个因式为 2x2+px+q2x^2+px+q,展开并比较系数求 p,qp,q,再用求根公式求另外两个精确根。不能用计算器小数代替代数推导。

答题过程

展开

Since x=1x=1 is a root, write

2x3−10x2+13x−5= (x−1)(2x2+px+q).\begin{align*} 2x^3-10x^2+13x-5 =&\,(x-1)(2x^2+px+q). \end{align*}

Comparing coefficients gives

p−2= −10q−p= 13−q= −5.\begin{align*} p-2=&\,-10\\ q-p=&\,13\\ -q=&\,-5. \end{align*}

Thus p=−8p=-8 and q=5q=5, so

2x3−10x2+13x−5= (x−1)(2x2−8x+5).\begin{align*} 2x^3-10x^2+13x-5 =&\,(x-1)(2x^2-8x+5). \end{align*}

The other roots satisfy 2x2−8x+5=02x^2-8x+5=0. Using the quadratic formula,

x= 8±(−8)2−4(2)(5)4= 8±244= 4±62.\begin{align*} x=&\,\frac{8\pm\sqrt{(-8)^2-4(2)(5)}}{4}\\ =&\,\frac{8\pm\sqrt{24}}4\\ =&\,\frac{4\pm\sqrt6}{2}. \end{align*}

The exact xx coordinates are

x=4−62,x=4+62.x=\frac{4-\sqrt6}{2},\qquad x=\frac{4+\sqrt6}{2}.