题目
Problem
f(x)=(2+8kx)7
where k is a non-zero constant.
(a) Find the first 4 terms, in ascending powers of x, of the binomial expansion of f(x). Give each term in simplest form.
(4)
Given that, in the binomial expansion of f(x), the coefficients of x, x2 and x3 are the first 3 terms of an arithmetic progression,
(b) find, using algebra, the possible values of k.
(Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.)
(3)
题目中文翻译
已知
f(x)=(2+8kx)7,
其中 k 为非零常数。
(a) 求 f(x) 的二项式展开中按 x 升幂排列的前四项,每项化为最简形式。(4 分)
已知展开式中 x,x2,x3 的系数依次为一个等差数列的前三项。
(b) 用代数方法求 k 的所有可能值。完全依赖计算器技术的解答不予接受。(3 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
使用二项式定理(Binomial Theorem)展开公式:
(a+b)n=an+(1n)an−1b+(2n)an−2b2+(3n)an−3b3+⋯.
本题中 a=2,b=8kx,n=7。将这些项代入公式并化简前 4 项即可。
答题过程
展开
Using the binomial expansion formula:
f(x)====(2+8kx)727+(17)26(8kx)+(27)25(8kx)2+(37)24(8kx)3+⋯128+7(64)(8kx)+21(32)(64k2x2)+35(16)(512k3x3)+⋯128+56kx+221k2x2+3235k3x3+⋯
Therefore, the first 4 terms of the expansion are:
128+56kx+221k2x2+3235k3x3.
解法二:先提取常数因子
思路
展开
将 2+kx/8 写成 2(1+kx/16),提取 27=128,再使用 (1+u)7 的前四项。
答题过程
展开
f(x)===128(1+16kx)7128[1+7(16kx)+21(16kx)2+35(16kx)3+⋯]128+56kx+221k2x2+3235k3x3+⋯.
Hence the first four terms are 128, 56kx, 221k2x2, and 3235k3x3.
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
1. 提取系数:从 (a) 的展开式中,得到 x、x2 和 x3 的系数分别为:
a=56k,b=221k2,c=3235k3
2. 等差数列条件:若这三个系数按顺序构成等差数列(arithmetic progression),则满足关系:
2b=a+c
3. 求解 k:代入系数表达式后,得到一个关于 k 的三次方程。由于 k=0,可以两边同除以 k,从而将其化简为一元二次方程,再进行因式分解即可求出 k 的可能值。
答题过程
展开
The coefficients of x, x2 and x3 are 56k, 221k2 and 3235k3 respectively.
Since these coefficients form the first 3 terms of an arithmetic progression, we have:
2(221k2)=21k2=56k+3235k356k+3235k3.
Given that k is a non-zero constant (k=0), we can divide both sides of the equation by k:
21k=56+3235k2.
Multiply the entire equation by 32 to clear the fraction:
672k=35k2−672k+1792=1792+35k20.
Divide by 7:
5k2−96k+256=(5k−16)(k−16)=00.
Solving for k:
k=16ork=516.