Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2023 Jan Q6

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

The circle CC has equation

x2+y2+8x4y=0x^2 + y^2 + 8x - 4y = 0

(a) Find

(i) the coordinates of the centre of CC,

(ii) the exact radius of CC.

(3)

The point PP lies on CC.

Given that the tangent to CC at PP has equation x+2y+10=0x + 2y + 10 = 0,

(b) find the coordinates of PP.

(4)

(c) Find the equation of the normal to CC at PP, giving your answer in the form y=mx+cy = mx + c where mm and cc are integers to be found.

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开
  1. 配方法:將圓的方程 x2+y2+8x4y=0x^2 + y^2 + 8x - 4y = 0 整理為標準式 (xa)2+(yb)2=r2(x - a)^2 + (y - b)^2 = r^2
    • xx 項配方:x2+8x=(x+4)216x^2 + 8x = (x + 4)^2 - 16
    • yy 項配方:y24y=(y2)24y^2 - 4y = (y - 2)^2 - 4
  2. 提取圓心和半徑
    • 整理後得:(x+4)2+(y2)2=20(x + 4)^2 + (y - 2)^2 = 20
    • 圓心坐標為 (4,2)(-4, 2)
    • 半徑 r=20=25r = \sqrt{20} = 2\sqrt{5}

答题过程

展开

Rearrange the equation of the circle by completing the square for both xx and yy terms:

x2+y2+8x4y=0(x2+8x)+(y24y)=0(x+4)216+(y2)24=0(x+4)2+(y2)2=20.\begin{align*} x^2 + y^2 + 8x - 4y =&\,\, 0 \\[2mm] (x^2 + 8x) + (y^2 - 4y) =&\,\, 0 \\[2mm] (x + 4)^2 - 16 + (y - 2)^2 - 4 =&\,\, 0 \\[2mm] (x + 4)^2 + (y - 2)^2 =&\,\, 20. \end{align*}

Comparing this to the standard circle equation (xa)2+(yb)2=r2(x - a)^2 + (y - b)^2 = r^2:

(i) The coordinates of the centre of CC are:

(4,2).\begin{align*} (-4, 2). \end{align*}

(ii) The exact radius of CC is:

r=20(or 25).\begin{align*} r =&\,\, \sqrt{20} \quad \left( \text{or } 2\sqrt{5} \right). \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开
  1. 聯立方程:點 PP 是切線 x+2y+10=0x + 2y + 10 = 0 與圓 CC 的交點。
  2. 消元:從切線方程中解出 x=2y10x = -2y - 10,然後將其代入圓的方程中,得到一個關於 yy 的一元二次方程。
  3. 求解:解方程求出唯一的 yy 值(因為是切線,所以只會有一個重根),進而求出對應的 xx 值,即為 PP 點的坐標。

答题过程

展开

The tangent line equation is:

x+2y+10=0    x=2y10.\begin{align*} x + 2y + 10 =&\,\, 0 \implies x = -2y - 10. \end{align*}

Since the point PP lies on both the circle CC and the tangent line, we substitute x=2y10x = -2y - 10 into the circle’s equation:

(2y10)2+y2+8(2y10)4y=0(4y2+40y+100)+y216y804y=05y2+20y+20=0.\begin{align*} (-2y - 10)^2 + y^2 + 8(-2y - 10) - 4y =&\,\, 0 \\[2mm] (4y^2 + 40y + 100) + y^2 - 16y - 80 - 4y =&\,\, 0 \\[2mm] 5y^2 + 20y + 20 =&\,\, 0. \end{align*}

Divide the entire equation by 55:

y2+4y+4=0(y+2)2=0.\begin{align*} y^2 + 4y + 4 =&\,\, 0 \\[2mm] (y + 2)^2 =&\,\, 0. \end{align*}

Solving for yy:

y=2.\begin{align*} y =&\,\, -2. \end{align*}

Substitute y=2y = -2 back into the expression for xx:

x=2(2)10=410=6.\begin{align*} x =&\,\, -2(-2) - 10 \\[2mm] =&\,\, 4 - 10 \\[2mm] =&\,\, -6. \end{align*}

Therefore, the coordinates of PP are:

(6,2).\begin{align*} (-6, -2). \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开
  1. 法線斜率:法線垂直於切線。
    • 切線方程為 x+2y+10=0    y=12x5x + 2y + 10 = 0 \implies y = -\frac{1}{2}x - 5,其斜率為 mt=12m_t = -\frac{1}{2}
    • 由於法線垂直於切線,法线的斜率为 m=1mt=2m = -\frac{1}{m_t} = 2
  2. 求法線方程:法線必過圓心 (4,2)(-4, 2) 以及切點 P(6,2)P(-6, -2)
    • 利用點斜式,代入斜率 m=2m = 2 和點 (4,2)(-4, 2),即可求得法線方程,並整理成 y=mx+cy = mx + c 的形式。

答题过程

展开

The equation of the tangent line is:

x+2y+10=0    y=12x5.\begin{align*} x + 2y + 10 =&\,\, 0 \implies y = -\frac{1}{2}x - 5. \end{align*}

The gradient of the tangent line is 12-\frac{1}{2}. Since the normal to the circle at PP is perpendicular to the tangent line at PP, the gradient of the normal, mm, is:

m=112=2.\begin{align*} m =&\,\, -\frac{1}{-\frac{1}{2}} = 2. \end{align*}

The normal passes through the centre of the circle (4,2)(-4, 2) and the point P(6,2)P(-6, -2). Using the point-slope form with the centre (4,2)(-4, 2):

y2=2(x(4))y2=2x+8y=2x+10.\begin{align*} y - 2 =&\,\, 2(x - (-4)) \\[2mm] y - 2 =&\,\, 2x + 8 \\[2mm] y =&\,\, 2x + 10. \end{align*}

Therefore, the equation of the normal to CC at PP is:

y=2x+10.\begin{align*} y =&\,\, 2x + 10. \end{align*}