题目
Problem
The curve C has equation
y=x(x−k)2x>0
where k is a positive constant.
(a) Show that
∫116x(x−k)2dx=ak2+bk+52046
where a and b are integers to be found.
(5)
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve C and the line l.
Given that l intersects C at the point A(1,9) and at the point B(16,q) where q is a constant,
(b) show that k=4
(2)
The region R, shown shaded in Figure 1, is bounded by C and l.
Using the answers to parts (a) and (b),
(c) find the area of region R
(3)
题目中文翻译
曲线 C 的方程为 y=(x−k)2/x,x>0,其中 k 为正常数。
(a) 证明
∫116x(x−k)2dx=ak2+bk+52046,
其中 a,b 为待求的整数。(5 分)
图 1 为曲线 C 和直线 l 的示意图。已知 l 与 C 交于 A(1,9) 和 B(16,q),其中 q 为常数。
(b) 证明 k=4。(2 分)
图 1 中的阴影区域 R 由曲线 C 和直线 l 围成。使用 (a)、(b) 的答案,
(c) 求 R 的面积。(3 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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展开分子,分别除以 x,转成幂函数后逐项积分。完整代入上限 16 与下限 1,再按 k 的幂次合并。
答题过程
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x(x−k)2==x1/2x2−2kx+k2x3/2−2kx1/2+k2x−1/2
Let I denote the required integral. Using the power rule,
I=[52x5/2−34kx3/2+2k2x1/2]116.
At x=16, the powers x1/2,x3/2,x5/2 are 4,64,1024 respectively. At x=1, all three powers are 1. Therefore
I===(52048−3256k+8k2)−(52−34k+2k2)(8−2)k2+3−256+4k+52048−26k2−84k+52046.
6k2−84k+52046
So a=6 and b=−84.
(b)
解法一
思路
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点 A(1,9) 在曲线上,代入求 k;按 k>0 排除负值。
答题过程
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Since A(1,9) lies on C:
9=1−k=k=1(1−k)2=(1−k)2±3−2ork=4
Since k is a positive constant:
k=4
(c)
解法一
思路
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承接 (a)(b),将 k=4 代入积分,并求 B 的纵坐标。区域面积是直线下方面积减曲线下方面积。
答题过程
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With k=4, the integral from part (a) gives:
Ik=4===6(4)2−84(4)+5204696−336+409.2169.2
At B(16,q): q=16(16−4)2=4144=36.
Line l through A(1,9) and B(16,36):
m===16−136−9152759
Writing the line as y=(9/5)x+c and using A(1,9),
9=c=59+c536.
Hence l has equation y=(9/5)x+36/5.
Area of region R:
Area======∫116(59x+536)dx−169.2[109x2+536x]116−169.2(109(256)+536(16))−(109+536)−169.2(230.4+115.2)−(0.9+7.2)−169.2345.6−8.1−169.2101683
101683
解法二
思路
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(c) 的另一种方法:直线 l 下方的面积可以用梯形公式直接计算(不需要积分),再减去 (a) 中曲线下的积分结果。
答题过程
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With k=4, the area under curve C from part (a) is 169.2.
At B(16,q): q=16(16−4)2=36.
The line l passes through A(1,9) and B(16,36). The area under l from x=1 to x=16 is a trapezium with parallel sides 9 and 36, and height 15:
Area of trapezium====21(9+36)×1521×45×152675337.5
Area of region R:
Area====337.5−169.22675−5846103375−1692101683
101683
梯形也可拆成矩形与三角形:矩形面积为 15×9=135,三角形面积为 21×15×(36−9)=202.5,合计仍为 337.5。