题目
Problem
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.
f(x)=4x3−8x2+5x+a
where a is a constant.
Given that (2x−3) is a factor of f(x),
(a) use the factor theorem to show that a=−3
(2)
(b) Hence show that the equation f(x)=0 has only one real root.
(4)
题目中文翻译
本题必须展示全部计算步骤。不接受依赖计算器技术的解答。
已知 f(x)=4x3−8x2+5x+a,其中 a 是常数。已知 2x−3 是 f(x) 的因式,
(a) 使用因式定理证明 a=−3。(2 分)
(b) 由此证明方程 f(x)=0 只有一个实根。(4 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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因式定理给出 f(3/2)=0。将 x=3/2 代入并展示中间运算,得到 a=−3。
答题过程
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Since (2x−3) is a factor of f(x), by the factor theorem f(23)=0.
f(23)======4(23)3−8(23)2+5(23)+a4×827−8×49+5×23+a227−18+215+a227+15−18+a21−18+a3+a
Setting 3+a=0:
a=−3
(b)
解法一
思路
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承接 (a),将三次式除以 2x−3 得二次因式。判别式为负,说明二次因式没有实根,故唯一实根来自线性因式。
答题过程
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With a=−3, f(x)=4x3−8x2+5x−3.
Since (2x−3) is a factor, dividing f(x) by (2x−3):
f(x)===2x2(2x−3)+(−2x2+5x−3)2x2(2x−3)−x(2x−3)+(2x−3)(2x−3)(2x2−x+1).
For the quadratic 2x2−x+1, the discriminant is:
Δ===(−1)2−4(2)(1)1−8−7<0
Since Δ<0, the quadratic 2x2−x+1=0 has no real roots.
Therefore f(x)=0 has only one real root, x=23. ■
解法二
思路
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(b) 的另一种证法:配方法。将 2x2−x+1 配成完全平方加正常数的形式,说明它恒正,从而无实根。
答题过程
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With a=−3, f(x)=4x3−8x2+5x−3=(2x−3)(2x2−x+1).
Complete the square for 2x2−x+1:
2x2−x+1====2(x2−21x)+12(x2−21x+161)−81+12(x−41)2−81+12(x−41)2+87
Since 2(x−41)2⩾0 for all x, we have 2x2−x+1⩾87>0.
Therefore 2x2−x+1=0 has no real roots, and f(x)=0 has only one real root. ■