Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

P2 2023 Oct Q3

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2023 Oct Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

(a) Solve, for 0<θ⩽360°0 < \theta \leqslant 360°, the equation

2tan⁡θ+3sin⁡θ=02\tan\theta + 3\sin\theta = 0

giving your answers, as appropriate, to one decimal place.

(5)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the smallest positive solution of

2tan⁡(2x+40°)+3sin⁡(2x+40°)=02\tan(2x + 40°) + 3\sin(2x + 40°) = 0

giving your answer to one decimal place.

(2)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示所有解题步骤,不能完全依赖计算器技术。

(a) 解方程 2tan⁡θ+3sin⁡θ=02\tan\theta + 3\sin\theta = 0,其中 0<θ⩽360°0 < \theta \leqslant 360°;适当时,答案保留一位小数。

(5分)

(b) 由此或用其他方法,求 2tan⁡(2x+40°)+3sin⁡(2x+40°)=02\tan(2x + 40°) + 3\sin(2x + 40°) = 0 的最小正解,答案保留一位小数。

(2分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

将 tan⁡θ=sin⁡θcos⁡θ\tan\theta=\dfrac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta} 代入并提取公因子,分别解正弦为零与余弦为 −23-\dfrac23,注意范围与象限。

答题过程

展开

Solve 2tan⁡θ+3sin⁡θ=02\tan\theta + 3\sin\theta = 0 for 0<θ⩽360°0 < \theta \leqslant 360°:

2⋅sin⁡θcos⁡θ+3sin⁡θ= 0sin⁡θ(2cos⁡θ+3)= 0sin⁡θ(2+3cos⁡θcos⁡θ)= 0\begin{align*} 2 \cdot \frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta} + 3\sin\theta =&\, 0 \\ \sin\theta \big(\frac{2}{\cos\theta} + 3\big) =&\, 0 \\ \sin\theta \big(\frac{2 + 3\cos\theta}{\cos\theta}\big) =&\, 0 \end{align*}

Since tan⁡θ\tan\theta is defined, cos⁡θ≠0\cos\theta\ne0. So sin⁡θ=0\sin\theta = 0 or 2+3cos⁡θ=02 + 3\cos\theta = 0.

Case 1: sin⁡θ=0\sin\theta = 0

θ=180∘,360∘.\theta = 180^\circ,\quad360^\circ.

Exclude θ=0∘\theta=0^\circ because the interval requires θ>0\theta>0.

Case 2: cos⁡θ=−23\cos\theta = -\dfrac{2}{3}

Let α=cos⁡−1(−2/3)=131.810314896…∘\alpha=\cos^{-1}(-2/3)=131.810314896\ldots^\circ. Cosine is negative in quadrants II and III, giving α\alpha and 360∘−α360^\circ-\alpha:

θ≈131.8∘,228.2∘.\theta\approx131.8^\circ,\quad228.2^\circ. θ= 131.8∘,180∘, 228.2∘,360∘.\boxed{\begin{aligned} \theta=&\,131.8^\circ,\quad180^\circ,\\ &\,228.2^\circ,\quad360^\circ. \end{aligned}}

同一因式条件也可由 sin⁡θ=tan⁡θcos⁡θ\sin\theta=\tan\theta\cos\theta 得到:

tan⁡θ(2+3cos⁡θ)=0.\tan\theta(2+3\cos\theta)=0.

分别解 tan⁡θ=0\tan\theta=0 与 cos⁡θ=−23\cos\theta=-\dfrac23,得到同样的四个角。

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

令 ϕ=2x+40∘\phi=2x+40^\circ,利用 (a) 的角度。因为 x>0x>0,应取大于 40∘40^\circ 的最小解角;保留未舍入角度再计算。

答题过程

展开

Let ϕ=2x+40∘\phi=2x+40^\circ. Then the equation becomes the one in part (a).

For x>0x>0, ϕ>40∘\phi>40^\circ. The smallest solution angle above 40∘40^\circ is α=cos⁡−1(−2/3)\alpha=\cos^{-1}(-2/3), using its unrounded value.

2x+40∘= αx= α−40∘2= 45.905157448…∘.\begin{align*} 2x+40^\circ =&\,\alpha\\ x =&\,\frac{\alpha-40^\circ}{2}\\ =&\,45.905157448\ldots^\circ. \end{align*}

Hence, to one decimal place,

x=45.9∘.\boxed{x=45.9^\circ}.